Discussion Board reply Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Discussion Board reply - Assignment Example Different factors control a working environment. Personal psychological status of the worker has a major influence on how he interacts with his coworkers and how well he can execute the tasks. Motivation is another factor that controls his morale and quality of work. A highly motivated employee has a higher moral, a higher self esteem and therefore a higher acceptance capacity. His work is quality work, his interaction is healthy and both his work and family life are in acute balance. A comfortable psychological condition is necessary. Sexual harassment is the most prevalent psychological torment prevalent in our present day work routines. Dual sex work oriented coalition is inevitable but sometimes the most primitive human lust starts to control ethical behavior causing serious consequences. (Paludi, 2010) This approach of managing ad formulating certain directives principles for its prevention utilizing both pedagogy and andragogy techniques will definitely lay out fruitful results. If need be different therapists, shrinks and other law enforcement agents should be employed to manage to manage and provide certain directives for every worker and

Computerised Accounting System Essay Example for Free

Computerised Accounting System Essay At very outset I sincerely thankful to you for promoting me in the cadre of A. O. ( Mkt) would like to draw your kind attention to my various earlier requests for restoration of my three increments as per the order dated 25th January 2005, passed by then CMD (copy enclosed ) by modifying the earlier order the following. 1 Restoring the basic pay to the same level as the order was to be without cumulative effect; as has been very categorically specified in the order. However, notwithstanding the above, the first part of the enclosed order was implemented long back in the year 2005, but even after so many years the 2nd part of the order is not implemented by your office till today my basic salary has not so far been restored. It is respectfully submitted that non restoration of my basic pay as mandated by the order under reference would be in derogation of the order passed by the erstwhile CMD. my salary in the promoted cadre cannot be fixed unless my 3 increments are restored only after restoration of these 3 increments my salary can be fixed In promoted (A. O. ) cadre . I therefore request your kind self to immediate restore my three increments ( by which my basic pay has been already been reduced )w. e. f. year 2005. so that there is no delay in fixing my salary in promoted cadre. I shall be extremely grateful to you for the act of kindness.

The Roots of Babylon. :: essays papers

The Roots of Babylon. "We know where we're going We know where we're from We Leaving Babylon- We goin to our Father's Land....." The concept of Babylon plays a central role in Rastafarian Ideology: There is only one other word Rastafarians use with more frequency and passion, and that is the name of their Majestic Ruler, Haile Selassie. People who have even a mild interest in reggae understand what"Babylon"means, yet the roots of the word"Babylon"remain unknown to the masses. To gain a better understanding of this term, it is necessary know the full history of Babylon, which starts 6000 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The popular use of the word"Babylon"can be difinitively traced to Marcus Garvey's teachings, which liken the Afro-Caribs in the West to the Jews Exile into Babylon. The institution of slavery created tremendous suffering for those that were enslavedin both of these cases. Many people in Jamiaca are still suffering, due to the successor of slavery, which is racism and poverty. The Bible contains many stories of slavery that describe the hardship that was endured in acncient times, as well as the eventual emancipation from the hardship. Rastas have found much applicable meaning from within the Bible, and it is only natural that they identify with the Jews in Babylon, who faced much of the same obstacles that they themselves face. By labeling the source of their own oppression as"Babylon", the Rastas shed more light on the fact that opression is in fact taking place. This definitive name gives the oppression that they face a center, or a heart, which can be targeted easier. Instead of s aying"Injustice must fall","Poverty must be alleviated", or"Jamaican legislation must represent its people", a Rasta need only say"Babylon must fall". When this centralized, encompassing word is used, it provides the Rasta with a target to be passionately against, and increases his sense of unity with his people. The word Babylon is by no means an arbritary word that is used to describe oppression. Babylon was one of the first cities to ever stand on Earth. It is quite clear that there is much to be learned about this mythical city that will help us to better understand the modern"Babylon system". I believe that the modern definition of Babylon describes a type of mentality that is common to all the institutions that are labeled as being"Babylon". However, the essence of what this midframe is can be most closely encountered through the study of the real Babylon as it grew, prospered and fell thousands of years ago.

Should Smoking Be Banned in Public Areas

Should smoking be banned in public areas? In recent decades, if smoking should be banned in public occasion has sparked a great deal of controversies. The term ‘public areas’ refers to the facilities or occasions which involving people in general and normally are provided by government. This essay will argue that smoking should be banned in public for the following reasons: the smoke produced by the combustions of tobacco will lead to the passive smoking, the bad impression and effects to adolescents and a large number of healthy issues related to smoking in public.Firstly, it could be argued that many kinds of harmful gases will be produced by the combustion of cigarette, which is compelled to the multitudes. The public regions are provided by government, every citizen has the right to accept this welfare. It is significantly annoying for the pedestrians when there are smokes around them. As a consequence, they have to suffering the passive smoking. What is more, this k ind of harm is especially serious to children and pregnant, while they are more susceptible.According to a incomplete statistics from a scientific survey, the rate of respiratory system diseases increased by 23. 6 percentage in Tokyo, 2008, which is suspected related to the passive smoking. Although it may be argued that individual has the right to choose what to do, it is still immoral for others to smoke in public areas. Another argument about the prohibition of smoking in public is that this will produce bad impression and negative effects to teenagers. For young generation, curiosities impel them to seek anything excited and faddish and smoking are easily acceptable for adolescents.When smokers appeared in public places, it is so visible for residents and teenagers are easy to copy this behavior. Many jurisdictions now ban smoking in public when young generation are present. However, even with these restrictions, children still face harmful impressions if adults continue to smok e by ignore the law. Finally, a more important problem faced by smokers is the healthy issue due to the tobacco. The poisonous substances contained in the tobacco are the most significant reason for all kinds of healthy issues. For instance, lung cancer is one of the largest killers in the Western world.The risk of developing lung cancer is increased 10 to 40 times if individual smoke. By ban the smoking in public places, the frequency of smoke may decrease. While mental stress indeed can be released by smoking, it still unmoral to smoke in public occasions. In conclusion, it can be strongly argued that smoking in public places should be banned. Not only the effects of passive smoking, but also the negative impression to adolescents is unbeneficial to the whole society. More importantly, a great number of healthy problem related to smoking still a handful.

Does Herodotus believe in Cultural Relativism Essay

For its time and place, The Histories of Herodotus is a work of remarkably expansive scope. To set the stage for the wars between Greece and Persia ( 490-479 B. C. ), Herodotus describes the geographical and cultural background and reviews the political history of Lydia, Media, Babylon, Egypt, Persia, Scythia, Libya, Ionia, and various Greek city-states in Asia Minor, on the Aegean islands, and on the European mainland. To record the results of his â€Å"research† (historie, in Greek) with the greatest vigor and accuracy, Herodotus traveled to many of these places and gathered firsthand data from native informants. For this type of research, in the words of a modern commentator, Herodotus merits the title not only of the father of history; he is also the father of comparative anthropology. Among the various classes of information which Herodotus seems to have emphasized, thus suggesting a pattern for later descriptions, were marriage customs, religious rites, burial practices, and food habits. The description of these four categories of traits, or â€Å"social institutions,† were not necessarily executed in the round for every tribe that happened to stroll across the pages of the Histories; but they were mentioned often enough to indicate the direction taken by his curiosity, and the content of the questions he probably put to informants. Herodotus, the ancient Greek, was a cheerful, inquisitive, rationalistic extrovert who traveled over his world to discover the facts, who took delight in telling a good story but usually avoided the temptation to wander very far from sober common sense. His cultural relativism is well known and much discussed, but it is particularly noteworthy that Greeks and barbarians are placed on a equal footing at the outset. Distinctions between Greek and non-Greek break down as the work progresses: the first barbarian for whom we get any detailed information is the Hellenized Lydian king, Croesus; the divisions of lands customary among the Greeks that separate Greek and non-Greek peoples are purely arbitrary; we learn of the Phoenician descent of Sparta’s kings; and Herodotus states that the descendants of Perseus came to be counted as Greeks. The key dichotomy is not the Hellenic-barbarian bipolarity, but rather the opposition of the ordered society based on law and the arbitrary rule of the despot. But political and social institutions are fragile structures, and Herodotus gives no guarantee that the Greek superiority at the time of the Persian Wars, which was based upon those institutions, will last. In fact his work closes on an ominous note that appears to warn imperial Athens that it is in danger of becoming, if it has not already become, the barbarian. We are presented with the gruesome picture of the crucifixion of the Persian satrap Artayctes at the command of the Athenian commander Xanthippus, father of Pericles, and a piece of wisdom from the Persian founding father, Cyrus, on the dangers of success and affluence. And it is well to remember that Herodotus wrote long after the Persian threat had passed, when Athenian imperial power was at its apogee. Herodotos’ interest in reciprocity is symptomatic of contemporary philosophy, not least in Ionia. Moreover, Herodotos’ very project, his attempt to explain and explore the Persian Wars, can be considered as a study of reciprocity in cross-cultural interaction, not least because those wars were for Herodotos a stage in a reciprocal, cross-cultural process, as he asserts in the proem. Indeed, war itself may be seen as an exchange, a reciprocal undertaking: the tactics of the Skythian Idanthyrsos allow him to wage war while explicitly rejecting the relationship that war usually entails. Herodotos’ origins in western Asia Minor, a key area of interface between Greek and non-Greek culture, may have led him to give particular thought to the issue of cross-cultural reciprocity, as also to the Persian Wars, for which the Ionian Revolt had been the catalyst, if not the cause. At the same time, the justice and injustice of imperialism remained a burning issue through the fifth century into the fourth, and not only Persian imperialism, but also Athenian, Spartan, and Macedonian. The Persian Wars were the great antecedents of the Peloponnesian War, in the early years of which Herodotos seems to have completed his work. The Persians themselves continued to play a major role in the politics of the Greek world: the onset of the Peloponnesian War seems to have inspired new attempts to deal with them, and with other non-Greeks, as indicated in comic style in Aristophanes’ Akharnians of 425 BC. 25 This is understandable, for it was to be Persian resources that would give ultimate victory to the Spartans in that war. Thus, it is quite possible that crosscultural reciprocity was a topical concern in Athens and elsewhere when Herodotos completed his work, though the issue had been close to the centre of Greek preoccupations at least since the time of the Persian Wars, Herodotos’ subject. The Persian Wars had reinforced a Hellenic self-image, defined by contrast with the ‘barbarian’ identity, and had thereby further problematized relationships between Greek and non-Greek. In particular, Greeks (especially Athenians, perhaps) could and did use their defeat of Persia as confirmation of a broader superiority over the barbarian. In exploring the difficulties of forming relationships with the ‘other’, Herodotos’ Histories present readers with failures and disasters, arising primarily from ignorance, over-confidence, and cultural chauvinism. There is a definite element of pessimism in the Histories, for the inability to penetrate beyond contingent nomoi and thereby to see ‘other’ as ‘self’ is taken to be an observable feature of human nature, as manifested throughout the narrative. In particular, wars are seen to be the products of injustice and attendant ignorance. But there is also hope; for the author claims for himself the ability to rise above commonplace failings and offers to provide his readers with a better understanding of themselves, of others, and of reciprocity. Like Kroisos, the reader may pass into a state of deeper understanding through advice confirmed by experience. Where Kroisos had the advice of Solon and suffered personal disaster, the reader has the advice of Herodotos the author and suffers vicarious disaster, ‘experiencing experiences’. Baldry notices that Herodotos calls into question the whole dichotomy between Greek and barbarian, when he presents the Egyptian perspective, according to which barbarians are not those who do not speak Greek, but those who do not speak Egyptian. At the same time, as Laurot has shown, Herodotos displays no interest in condemning barbarians as such, nor in subordinating them to Greeks. Rather, his presentation in the Histories of nomoi of the barbarian ‘other’ offers insights into the nomoi of the Greek ‘self’ (or better, ‘selves’), insofar as the various Greek nomoi constitute Herodotos’ principal frame of reference and benchmark. However, as Rosellini and Said valuably stress, Herodotos does not present the barbarian ‘other’ as a monolithic unity, any more than he presents the Greeks themselves as a unity: rather he ranges across the different nomoi that exist among barbarians and through the complexities of interaction between various barbarian peoples. The Histories are not so much a mirror, as Hartog would have it, but a hall of mirrors with multiple reflections. The key point is that in the Histories cultural differences, however profound they may be, are presented as secondary to a common human nature and a common human condition: in that sense too Greek is barbarian, ‘self’ is ‘other’. The categories of Greek and barbarian are familiar to Herodotos, but on his view, as the proem indicates, they need not entail the subordination of the barbarian, whose achievements are to be celebrated also. For Herodotos, it is humanness that is the natural identity and the group identity that matters, and man-made variations are merely contingent, for all their exotic character and interest. Confirmation of such a view of Herodotos may be found in the condemnatory response of Plutarch, for whom Herodotos is far too positive about barbarians. The ferocity of Plutarch’s response (indeed, his very decision to write a response at all) further indicates the strength of the challenge that Herodotos’ case presented to the smug asseverations of Greek specialness that seem to have developed through the fifth century and which Plutarch in his day assumed to be right and proper. Cross-cultural interaction was central to Herodotos’ project in the Histories. At the same time, the problematic nature of reciprocity the uncertainty that arises from its under-negotiation — is particularly apparent in interaction across cultures. Indeed, Herodotos’ concern with the problematics of reciprocity as a phenomenon can be seen as intimately bound up with his concern with cross-cultural interaction. Of course, Herodotos’ starting-point is a matter of mere speculation. But we can and should observe the organic relationship between cross-cultural interaction, crosscultural reciprocity, and the problematics of reciprocity as a phenomenon. It is precisely within the problematics of cross-cultural reciprocity that the appreciation of cultural relativism is particularly necessary. Therefore, if we move from the claim, already mentioned, that there is a strong sense in which the Histories are about reciprocity to ask why Herodotos should be so interested in the phenomenon, I would suggest that an answer is to be found not in the topicality of reciprocity as a theme in the later fifth century, but in the rationale of Herodotos’ very undertaking. A broadlybased treatment of the Persian Wars by its very nature invites a simultaneous and inherent treatment of reciprocity as a phenomenon. To examine societies is to explore forms of reciprocities. All the more so, when societies invite comparisons through their It also seems clear that Herodotus approached the task of describing manners and customs with a fairly definite idea of what constituted a culture, and a fairly specific set of questions for evoking details from informants. The criteria which separated one group from another and gave individuality to his descriptive portraits were common descent, common language, common religion, and the observance of like manners in the smaller details of living, such as dress, diet, and dwellings. The Argippeans, who lived at the foot of the Ural Mountains, were presented vividly as being bald from birth, speaking a language of their own, using no weapons, dispensing justice in the quarrels of their neighbors, and dressing after the manner of the Scythians. They lived on the juice of a species of cherry, making the lees into a solid cake which they ate instead of meat. They dwell each man,† he said, â€Å"under a tree, covering it in winter with a white felt cloth, but using no felt in summer. † For each group, in other words, seven categories of cultural fact are given. We are told their geographical location and something of their environment. We are told of their language, their dress, their food, their dwellings, their form of self-defense, or their lack of it, their prestige as judges among other peoples. On the other hand, concerning Egypt, one of the more important culture areas, Herodotus says at the outset that he will have to extend his remarks to some length. This country–its climate, its people and animals–was a constant surprise and challenge to the observer, very much as Japan with its customs and Australia with its fauna have challenged the modern traveller. For the Egyptians the number of cultural categories evoked far exceeds the seven used in describing the Argippeans. As for history, Bodin’s belief in its power to confer knowledge concerning the ways of mankind was unfaltering; and much of both the Methodus and the Republique is devoted to the assemblage of documentation to support this contention. Never before perhaps had a writer on politics or ethnography amassed so large a body of dated materials or laid so large a literature under tribute. He was well-read, not only in the law and the Bible, but in the Talmud and the Cabala; in the ancients, including Herodotus, Strabo, Cicero, Tacitus, and Caesar; in the modern historians, such as Joinville, Froissart, Monstrelet, Commines; and in the travelers, Marco Polo, Leo Africanus, and Las Casas. As they err, said he, â€Å"who study the maps of regions before they have learned accurately the relation of the whole universe and the separate parts to each other and to the whole, so they are not less mistaken who think they can understand particular histories before they have judged the order and sequence of universal history and of all times, set forth as it were in a table. †

How Does AP Credit Work at Colleges

How Does AP Credit Work at Colleges SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Whether you already have five AP classes under your belt, or if you’re just considering whether to take AP classes at all, you may be wondering how exactly getting AP college credit works. This article will go over how different colleges grant credit for AP, and what you can do to maximize the amount of AP credit you earn. We will explore some different ways colleges grant AP credit, using specific universities as case studies. Possibility 1: AP Courses Grant Credit for Real College Classes The first way your AP credits could be used is to directly substitute for actual college classes. In this case, instead of taking, say, Chemistry 101, your 4 on AP Chemistry will count for that beginning course. So you’ll get the credit hours for taking the class – even though you took it back in high school! Plus you will be able to enroll in a more difficult course right off the bat. To see what this can look at, let’s look at my local state school, the University of Utah. They accept AP credit for many courses. Case Study: University of Utah AP exams – often with a score of 3 or higher – are enough to grant you credit hours for general education classes at the U of U and also place you into higher level courses. General Education at the University of Utah means any courses that fall in the following categories: Fine Arts, Quantitative Reasoning, Science, Social Science, Humanities, Fine Arts, or American Institutions. If you managed to have an AP class for each one of these general ed requirements, you could skip each one. Since the General Education requirements are designed to fill up the first year, skipping them would make it possible to graduate the University of Utah in just two or three years, depending on what you major in. (A degree in engineering will probably take longer than one in history, for example.) You couldn’t apply, say, both AP English Literature and AP English Language, since they waive the same requirement, but if you submit AP English Literature and AP Calculus AB you would fulfill two different requirements. While these Gen Ed requirements aren’t the same at every university, most universities have some variation of them – at the very least they'll require a course each in humanities, social science, science, and math. This is why taking a variety of AP classes can be helpful if you’re aiming to complete your generals in high school. Also, notice that at the U of U, you can often get more credit hours for 5’s than 3’s and 4s. So even at universities that accept 3s, there are still perks to earning 5s. Possibility 2: AP Courses Don't Get Credit, but Allow You to Skip Intro Courses There are some schools – particularly competitive ones – that don’t give you credit for AP classes. While they will use high scores to place you into higher-level classes freshman year, they won’t give you credit towards graduation. We'll take a look at Dartmouth College to see what this can look like. Case Study: Dartmouth One such school is Dartmouth. You can actually read a statement about their policy on AP credit here. To summarize, Dartmouth will use AP classes to place students in higher-level classes, but not for credit towards graduation. They revised their AP policy because they want students to take full advantage of Dartmouth courses and they’re worried AP courses aren’t true replacements for college level classes. So how does the credit work? To take an example, if you get a 5 on AP Micro Economics, you will be placed in an intermediate or advanced economics course right off the bat, but you won’t receive any credit for AP Micro itself. This can still be helpful if you’re excited to jump into higher classes or want to fit in a minor or double major. You can also be exempted from the foreign language requirement if you score high on an AP language test. So while AP courses won't get you credit at Dartmouth, they are still worthwhile since they will allow you to skip introductory courses. Possibility 3: A Mix of Both Some schools have a mix of both policies. In particular, some departments (say the history department or math department) might accept AP credit to place students in classes. But the school as a whole might have a policy on AP you can choose to take advantage of – for example Harvard’s advanced standing program. Case Study: Harvard So what is advanced standing?Think of it as skipping straight to sophomore year when you start college at Harvard. You can apply for it using your AP credits, and graduate in six or seven semesters instead of eight. You could also just use your AP credits to get into higher-level classes in particular departments or get out of the foreign language requirement, but not apply for advanced standing if you want to stay all four years. So should you apply for advanced standing? Harvard’s website has a lengthy discussion of why or why not a student may apply for it. Some students may prefer to take four years at Harvard undergrad so they don't have to decide their course of study too soon. Taking the full four years gives you more chances to try out classes in various departments. Others may take advantage of advanced standing to earn a masters within four years. In short, if you're lucky enough to go to Harvard, you can decide whether you want to use your AP credits to graduate faster, or if you would rather take four years of undergraduate classes to explore different interests. In either case, you can also use your AP credits to skip introductory courses in various departments. Sending Your Scores Before you can get any AP credit, after you graduate but before you start at your college, you have to send an official AP score report from College Board. While you self-report your AP scores on your college applications, you can only cash in on your AP credits by sending an official score report. This gives the official record of your scores to the registrar’s office. (Think of the registrar as the guidance counseling office of college.) Once the registrar has those scores, they can apply them to pre-requisite, general education, or other departmental requirements as the case may be at your college. Look out for our post on how to send AP scores to colleges if you want a more complete guide. Next Steps If you’re still in high school and wondering how AP credit will work for you, look up the policies at some of your top choices as well as your safeties. Start with College Board’s AP credit database, but also double check college websites to see what they say about AP credit. The database should provide a link to each college’s individual policy, but if not, search â€Å"[Name of College/University] Advanced Placement†. By looking up policies, you can get a sense of how the AP credits you have already earned will translate into college credit. This can also help you choose AP classes for future years. Take notice of AP exams that seem to be recognized at most of the schools you’re interested in. In many cases, AP math courses, particularly Calculus BC, can waive a math requirement or get you into higher level math classes. AP language courses are also often accepted as a way to waive a foreign language requirement. Also notice how high your passing score needs to be (for example, at the U of U, a 3 was fine for many classes, but Harvard only accepts 5s). If most of your schools require 5s to get credit, you have to study very hard! Also look and see if any AP classes you’re thinking about aren’t recognized in any way. Sometimes it can be harder to get credit for courses like Human Geography or Art History. This doesn’t mean to not take them. It does mean that you should only take them if you are really interested in the subject and would get a lot out of the class. What’s Next? How many AP classes should you take, anyway? Get an answer to that question here. AP classes aren’t the only thing that will get you into college – far from it. Your ACT/SAT score is a huge part of your application. Read about the ACT/SAT scores you need to be competitive at your top schools. Not sure when you should take the ACT/SAT for the first time? Find out here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Essay Example

The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Essay Example The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Paper The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Paper In this essay I will be analysing the short story The Red Room which was written be H.G Wells in 1896. Im going to be looking at what techniques he uses to build tension, and also be looking to see if its a successful ghost story or not. There are many different ways in which writers can build tension and keep the readers attention, some of these ways are; Long descriptions that get the readers attention, and give imagery to the reader using adjectives, verbs and adverbs, the writer may also use stereotypical settings or characters that create tension and gloomy feelings to the story, or maybe they use short sentences, to create pace in the scene or to show sudden action. The opening sets the scene, and introduces the plot and the characters. The first sentence of the story starts in the middle of a conversation between two characters in the story. In the conversation it has the word ghost within it, so already the reader is getting hints about what the story is about. As you read further into the conversation you find out that the character in the story is an arrogant type of person; and caught a glimpse of myself, abbreviated and broadened to an impossible sturdiness The writer is trying to make the reader not like the character, and from other stories or film references, the character that isnt liked, normally in the end, is the one that suffers at some point in the story or film. Eight and twenty years, said I, I have lived and never a ghost have I seen as yet A small extract of what the character says to show he is arrogant. In the next paragraph the writer introduces and describes an eerie old woman, which gives the reader, the feeling of unnaturalness. The old woman sat starring hard into the fire, her pale eyes wide open This short descriptive sentence alone is enough to give the reader a small amount of fear. After the introduction to the woman, she speaks and part of what she says is a hint or a clue to what might happen, further on in the story. and eight and twenty years you have lived and never seen the likes of this house, I reckon theres many things to see that last part of what she says makes the reader curious, or maybe want more and encourage the reader to read on. More of what the old woman says makes the reader even more curious and sends questions to the readers mind; A many things to see and sorrow for, some questions the reader may thing of would be something like; Whats to see?, Whats to sorrow for? etc. Further along in the introduction to the story, there is more evidence to show that the main character is a really arrogant person. and caught a glimpse of myself, abbreviated and broadened to an impossible sturdiness, shows to be bit patronising and he loves himself as some people might put it, which again would suggest to the reader that something is going to happen to him. The last paragraph of the first page, repetition is used with the words Its your own choosing was repeated twice in the first and last paragraph of the first page. Its as if the man is insisting its the mans choice or whether on not he goes to The Red Room and spending the night, and also its like the man knows something is going to happen to him, and hes giving him a warning. The last part of the opening to the story, repetition is used with the same four words to show than the man really means what hes saying, and its like a second warning. The character then answers, Its my own choosing, to show to the man that hes taken in what hes told him, and he understands, which again shows he is patronising, and its as if he is dismissing him. After this, there is a description of the man with the shade, it quite a long description for a not such an important character but it all adds to in-human sense to him and make him sound more bizarre. A monstrous shadow of him crouched upon the wall and marked his actions as he poured and drank, this description of the man with the withered arm uses personification to make it sound creepy. Continuing more about the elderly people, there is another description of all of them, which is described by the main characters point of view show how he feels towards them. There Is to my mind something inhuman in senility, The human qualitys seem to drop for the old people day by day and with their gaunt silences, their bent carriage, their evident unfriendliness to me and one another, these descriptions of the old people from the character, may show that he may have slight fear towards them, and they seem to be unfriendly towards him. From the next page, it is revealed that the house is really haunted, You will show me to this haunted room of yours, which is said by the main character, it is the first indication that the house is haunted so basically its telling the reader what the rest of the story is going to be about. After this, one of the old people is startled by what the character has just said, The old man with the cough jerked his head back so suddenly that it startled me From this description, the reader would begin to wonder; why is the man so startled by whats just been said? Its another sentence that sends questions to the readers head which causes a lot of curiosity. The main character then repeats what he has said to get the old peoples attention, But he also repeats the word haunted again which again builds the curiosity for the reader. Further down the page, one of the old people is giving the character directions to the red room, its a long set of instructions that sound disturbing because of its isolation from the rest of house, its a six line set of directions, and it easily builds tension. After the instructions one of the men, asks the character; And are you really going? Its as if they dont believe that he is going and they are against him going. Page six of the story begins with the eerie repetition of the words Its your own choosing and its the final repetition of these words indicating that its the characters last chance to decide if he wants to go to the red room. Further along in the passage, the character starts to show this nervous tension because of how the old people acted and the old fashioned furniture of the housekeepers room which as he says affected me in the spite of my efforts to keep myself at a matter of phase which proves he is beginning to show his fear. Continuing we find the writer uses stereotypical settings to creep out the scene a bit more; The long, draughty, subterranean passage was chilly and dusty, and my candle flared and made the shadows cower and quiver. The sentence also uses personification to add to the effect. A lot of the descriptions the writer is using are good because they help the reader to form images in their head of the scene being described. Descriptions such as the first sentence on page seven; For the moonlight coming in by the great window on the grand staircase picked out everything in vivid black shadow or silvery illumination, these type of descriptions are really good for this effect, also stereotypical settings like this create an atmosphere, where the reader would expect to see a ghost. Once the reader has continued down the page they will find that the character maybe showing his nervousness a lot more as he progresses closer to the red room; The character starts to get paranoid; and gave me the impression of some one crouching to waylay me, and it shows how nervous he is getting. Then, with my hand in the pocket that held my revolver, I advanced, only to discover a Ganymede and Eagle glistening in the moonlight. At the beginning of this extract, the word Then is used, because its sudden and it shows something is going to happen. The question is why has the character brought a revolver with him, he kept insisting that he didnt believe in the supernatural, so why bring it? Around the bottom of page seven, Ganymede is repeated to make the reader curious; I glanced over my shoulder at the Ganymede in the moonlight it also builds to the last part of page seven which is a small cliff-hanger, and it stands out because it sounds like the end, but it actually making the reader read on to find out whats going to happen. After the cliff-hanger, the reader finds that the character has entered the red room. I entered, closed the door behind me at once, it also suggests that hes was frantic and wanted to get away from the hallway. Carrying on, the character starts to think about his predecessor to the room, the young duke, it gives the reader clues and we find that someone may have died in the red room. There is also a part, where we find that The Red Room may have had rumours about it already; The great red room of Lorraine Castle which would mean, that the room is well known, which makes the reader find out exactly whats going on. Further down the page there are uses of a metaphors; My candle was a was a little tongue of light in its vastness, that failed to pierce the opposite end of the room, and left an ocean of the mystery and suggestion beyond its island of light. The two in that extract really helps put the room into scale. As the character walks about the room he checks places to make sure nothing is there; I pulled the blinds and examined the fastenings or several windows before closing the shutters, looked up the blackness of the wide chimney, and tapped the dark oak panelling for any secret opening, hes thoroughly checks everything in the room which shows how nervous he is getting. As he is checking, there are a lot of run on sentences that speeds up the pace and creates suspense for the reader. Next page the character begins to light candles, and the way the writer has put together the small sentence really adds to the tension; All these I lit one after the other, its a slow sentence that now slows down the pace. As the reader reads on he will find that the character is becoming more and more paranoid, for some reason the character creates a barricade with a armchair and a table, which he puts his revolver on ready, again is creates more questions, like Why would he barricade himself? Whats the use of a revolver? The writer uses a lot of creepy sentences to make the reader become on the edge of his seat, such as I still found the remoter darkness of the place, and its perfect, stillness, too stimulating for the imagination Eerie sentences like these really build the tension and persuade the reader to read on. As the reader progresses down the page their tension will build further because of the more eerie sentences he uses, here is another one; The echoing of the stir and crackling of the fire, was no sort of comfort to me, even parts of sentences that the writer uses are really good at adding to the effect; undefinable quality of presence, these are just four words that really work well together. The reader will now find that the character is really at a high stage of nervousness, the characters paranoia really is getting to him now, there is a dark spot to the corner of the room, and he believes there is something there that is watching him. At last, to reassure myself, I walked with a candle into it, and satisfied myself that there was nothing tangible there. I stood that candle upon the floor of the alcove, and left that position, it really shows that he is starting to get nervous. The character now actually admits being nervous, but hes not quite sure why; By this time I was in a state of considerable nervous tension, although to my reason there was no adequate cause for condition and because of his nervousness the character shows his arrogance again. The character now trys to calm himself by doing different things. First he starts to create some rhymes in the style of The Ingoldsby Legends he also thinks of the old people one more time; I began to string some rhymes together, Ingoldsby fashion, but the echoes where not pleasant, My mind reverted to the three old and distorted people downstairs, he is now really trying to keep his mind off things. As the story progresses the character becomes more afraid of his surroundings, so the writer has made his sentences more appealing to make the reader receive the same feelings. He is very good at doing this, the sentences are slow and paced but have long eerie words that really get the reader on the edge. Here is one of the stereotypical settings he uses on page eight; The one in the alcove flared in draught, and the fires flickering kept the shadows and penumbra perpetually shifting and stirring. Now as we continue the writer is really trying to make the reader not like the character, he is becoming more arrogant as he gets more afraid. It occurred to me that when the ghost came, I could warn him not to trip over them, it really shows the sarcasm in the character; it makes the reader dislike him. Carrying on, the reader will find that the scene of the story starts to change and also with it, the tone. I did not see the candle go out; I simply turned and saw that the darkness was thereand see the unexpected presence of a stranger, Plus it is a hint for the reader. The story now starts to progress a bit faster because something tense is happening. As all the candles begin to go out the character begins to wonder why it is happening, and so does the reader. The writer shows this by using an explanation mark; Odd! which shows its strange. The character then realises there is no draft, and its as if someone put it out with there finger and thumb; The flames vanished, as if the wicks had been suddenly nipped between a finger and thumb, which makes the reader think there is someone in the room with him. The writer shows that the character is getting scared by describing what his voice sounds like; Whats up? I cried, with a queer high note getting into my voice some how. Further down the page, when the character is trying to light a match, his hands Trembled which shows he is scared and he may thing that someone is there. When he has lit quite a lot of candles, the character starts to feel in control of the candles going out; So that for the moment I seemed to gain on the extinctions, Through the next page the story now is becoming a lot faster than before and it makes the reader become really exited/tense. The candles are now starting to be put quicker than the character can light them up again. The writer is now scrambling metaphors and alliteration in the descriptions to make it a more rapid paced part of the story. It was like a ragged storm cloud sweeping out the stars, and also as the story speeds up the writer begins to bring back the horror atmosphere back into the scene; I was now almost frantic with the horror of the coming darkness, and my self-possession deserted me. I leapt panting and dishevelled from candle to candle in a vain struggle against that remorseless advance. I bruised myself on the thigh against the table, I sent a chair headlong, I stumbled and fell and whisked the cloth from the table in my fall. In this extract the writer has used many verbs to make it quicker, which makes the story more exiting and also makes the reader desperately want to know whats happening. The character has become emotional so the reader can really be involved in the story. The reader should now be at a peak point of tension, and the writer wants it to stay at this point. So on the next page he adds repetition; and vanished, the glow vanished, the reflections rushed together and vanished, He also uses good imagery; and as I thrust the candle between the bars darkness closed upon me, and then straight after this he uses a metaphor; Like the shutting of an eye, wrapped around me in a stifling embrace, all of them really do work to keep the pace and keep the feeling of fear alive to the reader. The character now is completely lost control in himself with fear; I flung out my arms in a vain effort to thrust that ponderous blackness away from me, and, lifting up my voice, screamed with all my might, the character then trys to escape The Red Room, but because of the dark he does not know where the door is as bumps, after the bump the writer uses a lot of verbs to maintain the pace; I staggered back, Turned Battering myself, wild crying and I darted And then all of a sudden, all the tension disappears, he must of past out in the room as of running into the furniture. It is now the end of the experience for the character and it is another small cliff-hanger for the reader, they still dont know what as happened so a small amount of excitement is still there. I opened my eyes in the daylight The character is now not in The Red Room His head was bandaged and he was being watched by the man with the withered arm. The character looks about the room trying to remember what happened; I looked about me, trying to remember what had happened This would make the reader disappointed, because there would now be more questions in the readers head such as; How did he get there? Was there a ghost? etc. The reader is now coming to the end of the story, and the main characters personality has changed, he now believes that something was there; Yes, Said I; the room is haunted. As the old people then start to ask about the room the writers uses punctuation to show fear in the old people, as they are scared of the room, Because we have never daredTell us, is it truly the old earl Who- As the reader progresses the writer build a small amount of tension once again; It is not said I There is neither a ghost of earl nor ghost of countess in that room, there is no ghost as all; but worse, far worse- Then the character reveals all, that it is just fear it self that haunts the room. The character then goes on to describe fear, and how fear itself can change your feelings towards anything and make you think of anything. The write uses personification to make it sound like its something physical which can chase and follow you, and in a way, it is, fear can physically control a person. Overall I think the story is a very excellent story, as the amount of tension he builds through the story as it progresses really helps the excitement the reader receives. Also I think he has done a great job with the story structure and how it all fits together. I think the end of the story is very effective, as the reader is expecting to find out what happened to the character but he doesnt, so the story ends on another small cliff-hanger. In my opinion Im not quite sure if there was a ghost in the room or it was really just fear that scared the character, but I do think that that is what makes the story so good, because it leaves the reader with many questions that will always be unsolved. So the reader will never know what actually happened, but they can use there own imagination to decide.

Biography of Steve Jobs, Co-Founder of Apple Computers

Biography of Steve Jobs, Co-Founder of Apple Computers Steve Jobs (February 24, 1955–October 5, 2011) is best remembered as the co-founder of Apple Computers. He teamed up with inventor  Steve Wozniak to create one of the first ready-made PCs. Besides his legacy with Apple, Jobs was also a smart businessman who became a multimillionaire before the age of 30. In 1984, he founded NeXT computers. In 1986, he bought the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd. and started Pixar Animation Studios. Fast Facts: Steve Jobs Known For: Co-founding Apple Computer Company and playing a pioneering role in the development of personal computingAlso Known As: Steven Paul JobsBorn: February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, CaliforniaParents: Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble (biological parents); Paul Jobs and Clara Hagopian (adoptive parents)Died: October 5, 2011 in Palo Alto, CaliforniaEducation: Reed CollegeAwards and Honors: National Medal of Technology  (with  Steve Wozniak), Jefferson Award for Public Service,  named the most powerful person in business by Fortune  magazine,  Inducted into the  California Hall of Fame, inducted as a  Disney LegendSpouse: Laurene PowellChildren: Lisa (by Chrisann Brennan), Reed, Erin, EveNotable Quote: Of all the inventions of humans, the computer is going to rank near or at the top as history unfolds and we look back. It is the most awesome tool that we have ever invented. I feel incredibly lucky to be at exactly the right place in  Silicon Valley, at  e xactly the right time, historically, where this invention has taken form. Early Life Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. The biological child of Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble, he was later adopted by Paul Jobs and Clara Hagopian. During his high school years, Jobs worked summers at Hewlett-Packard. It was there that he first met and became partners with Steve Wozniak. As an undergraduate, he studied physics, literature, and poetry at Reed College in Portland, Oregon.  Formally, he only attended one semester there. However, he remained at Reed and crashed on friends sofas and audited courses that included a calligraphy class, which he attributes as being the reason Apple computers had such elegant typefaces. Atari After leaving Oregon in 1974 to  return to California, Jobs started working for Atari, an early pioneer in the manufacturing of personal computers. Jobs close friend  Wozniak was also working for Atari. The future founders of Apple teamed up to design games for Atari computers. Hacking Jobs and Wozniak proved their skills as hackers by designing a telephone blue box. A blue box was an electronic device that simulated a telephone operators dialing console and provided the user with free phone calls. Jobs spent plenty of time at Wozniaks Homebrew Computer Club, a haven for computer geeks and a source of invaluable information about the field of personal computers. Out of Mom and Pops Garage By the late 1970s, Jobs and Wozniak had learned enough to try their hand at building personal computers. Using Jobs family garage as a base of operation, the team produced 50 fully assembled computers that were sold to a local Mountain View electronics store called the Byte Shop. The sale encouraged the pair to start Apple Computer, Inc. on April 1, 1979. Apple Corporation The Apple Corporation was named after  Jobs favorite fruit. The Apple logo was a representation of the fruit with a bite taken out of it. The bite represented a play on words: bite and byte. Jobs co-invented the  Apple I  and  Apple II  computers together with  Wozniak, who was the main designer, and others. The Apple II is  considered to be  one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers. In 1984, Wozniak, Jobs, and others co-invented the  Apple Macintosh  computer, the first  successful home computer with a mouse-driven graphical user interface. It was, however, based on (or, according to some sources, stolen from) the Xerox Alto, a concept machine built at the Xerox PARC research facility. According to the Computer History Museum, the Alto included: A mouse. Removable data storage. Networking. A visual user interface. Easy-to-use graphics software. â€Å"What You See Is What You Get† (WYSIWYG) printing, with printed documents matching what users saw on screen. E-mail. Alto for the first time combined these and other now-familiar elements in one small computer. During the early 1980s, Jobs controlled the business side of the Apple Corporation. Steve Wozniak was in charge of the design side. However, a power struggle with the board of directors led to Jobs leaving Apple in 1985. NeXT After leaving Apple,  Jobs founded NeXT, a high-end computer company. Ironically, Apple bought NeXT in 1996 and Jobs returned to his old company to serve once more as its CEO from 1997 until his retirement in 2011. The NeXT was an impressive workstation computer that sold poorly. The worlds first web browser was created on a NeXT, and the technology in NeXT software was transferred to the Macintosh and the iPhone. Disney Pixar In 1986, Jobs bought The Graphics Group from Lucasfilms computer graphics division for $10 million. The company was later renamed Pixar. At first, Jobs intended for  Pixar to become a high-end graphics hardware developer, but that goal was never met.  Pixar moved on to do what it now does best, which is make animated films. Jobs negotiated a deal to allow Pixar and Disney to collaborate on a number of animated projects that included the film Toy Story. In 2006, Disney bought Pixar from  Jobs. Expanding Apple After Jobs returned to Apple as its CEO in 1997, Apple Computers had a renaissance in product development with the iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad, and more. Before his death, Jobs was listed as the inventor and/or co-inventor on 342 United States patents, with technologies ranging from computer and portable devices to user interfaces, speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, lanyards, and packages. His last patent was issued for the Mac OS X Dock user interface and was granted the day before his death. Death Steve Jobs died at his home in Palo Alto, California, on October 5, 2011. He had been ill for a long time with pancreatic cancer, which he had treated using alternative techniques. His family reported that his final words were, Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow. Legacy Steve Jobs was a true computer pioneer and entrepreneur whose impact is felt in almost every aspect of contemporary business, communication, and design. Jobs was absolutely dedicated to every detail of his products- according to some sources, he was obsessive- but the outcome can be seen in the sleek, user-friendly, future-facing designs of Apple products from the very start. It was Apple that placed the PC on every desk, provided digital tools for design and creativity, and pushed forward the ubiquitous smartphone which has, arguably, changed the ways in which humans think, create, and interact. Sources Computer History Museum.  What Was The First PC?Gladwell, Malcolm, and Malcolm Gladwell. â€Å"The Real Genius of Steve Jobs.†Ã‚  The New Yorker, 19 June 2017.Levy, Steven. â€Å"Steve Jobs.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 20 Feb. 2019.

Effective Distribution Strategy Wonderful Widgets Essay

Effective Distribution Strategy Wonderful Widgets - Essay Example It is also essential to understand the reason for approving or rejecting a certain strategy in order to determine whether a unique advantage of the cost is overlooked. The more the time spent in selecting the distribution strategy, the less the costs the company will incur after implementing the strategy. After evaluation of the above aspects, the best option for Wonderful Widgets is central management strategy. Centralized distribution strategy refers to a way of organizing the product’s recipient from the suppliers of the company and the onward delivery of the products to individual branches since the company has multiple retailing operations. After implementation of the centralized management strategy, the deliveries from the company are delivered to a central place, in huge amount, instead of delivering to a specific branch. Loads are then transported to all branches, retailers, or customers. One of the most appropriate ways for Wonderful Widgets Company to address its cur rent issues is through the creation of the central distribution center. From this distribution center, the distribution management will be able to make access to all the products of the company. In addition, the distribution department will be able to ship the products to any geographical location of its choice in a timely style. A central management strategy will allow the company management to focus on the essential aspects of the company such as retail, instead of trying to find means on how to get the products to the customers.

Leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leaders - Essay Example This creates motivation within the person and so does he leads a society, a business or a nation. Many times in our lives we interact with people whom others call as 'born leaders'. Such people are so influencing that instead of digging deep into their lives for understanding their source, we are simply impressed by their personality traits. Leadership is not simply made; it is created and developed individually with certain characteristics we would talk about later by giving examples. The debate is not simply concerned about whether leadership is born or created but also with the notion that we all analyse leadership skills in wrong phase, rather than analysing the skills in our leaders, we analyse our leaders and under specify their leading behaviours and styles. This is the main reason why most of us remain in a chaos to answer 'leadership born or made'. The question is perplexing, the answer simple. There has always remained a tendency to treat 'leadership' as a complete cure to the problem or simple 'cure'. Whether complete or simple, cure is cure. The phrase 'born leaders' is made to stand for all the qualities that are desirable in a top team or responsible post-holder-for example 'clarity of vision', 'a performance focus', 'flexibility', 'innovation' and 'winning commitment' etc. First of all, leaders never born, they are created by the circumstances, situations and consequences which provide opportunity to other hidden qualities to emerge and show off. Se condly, in the light of above phrase, if all of the leadership qualities are not present in us, at least some of them reside deep in our personalities. In reality, most of the research has made little detailed examination of the concept of leadership. That is why leadership is simply asserted and its nature assumed. Are Leaders born with Leadership skills Agility to take decisions along with pulling the entire team, no doubt does not require qualification, certificate or degree but still it would be wrong to say that a person is born with such qualities, because if we suppose for a while that one is born with decision making qualities, we do not mean that such person is blessed with such gifts but that the person has been groomed and brought up so well that he has learned how to make use of his decision making power and utilize his abilities. If we analyse leadership in terms of 'grooming' or 'development', we would see examples before us of the leaders that were not ever groomed or those who never had the opportunity of acquiring regular leadership development classes. Adolph Hitler, Mahathir Muhammad, Mahatma Gandhi, etc are among such leaders which are considered as 'born leaders' but they never acquired any formal leadership training. This means that what pulls out a good leader from us the circumstances later comes the knowledge and expertise. Leadership in the eyes of Socrates Socrates clearly taught what it takes to be a leader is the professional or technical competence, that means professionalism or knowledge is the prerequisite for holding a position of leadership responsibility. (Adair, 2002, p. 11) This also refers to the notion that capabilities like professionalism or knowledge are not born with a man, but are learned through experience and hard work. With leadership comes authority to take decisions. Socrates believes that among the three main forms of authorities i.e., the authority of position, the authority of

Web Content Mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Web Content Mining - Essay Example As the research stresses search methods along with their underlying methodologies and supporting implementations have presented us with a great variation in structure. While search engines adopt the least structured methods, portals and directories attempt to adopt a fully structured taxonomy based approach. Wikis have evolved as a semi-structured approach that gained popularity as an effective means of topic-based information retrieval. According to the paper findings web pages (the information resources or documents) can also be searched using more advanced methods that involve the use of Boolean expressions to involve inclusions and/or exclusions, as well as to indicate required terms to appear in results. Not all search engines accept identical means of advanced search. Typically, most users repeatedly try simple keywords until they get an interesting set of documents. No matter how sophisticated the search algorithms are, the searchers’ sifting through text within billions of indexed pages is a highly undeterministic process. There are also commercial factors involved in the relative ranking of pages. Many search engine optimization (SEO) firms now specialize in maintaining good rank in search results for their clients’ sites. It is no simple process for a site or a page to be submitted to search engine that it would be found. SEO has become a discipline that involves statistical, marketing, and fi nancial aspects.

College is worthy or not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

College is worthy or not - Essay Example Education is costly and the cost of education has been rising against an almost constant after college salary. Rationally, evading unnecessary education should reduce cost and hence increase social wellbeing of citizens and it’s on these basis that critics of college education base their argument. The increasing demand for education is responsible for the increase in cost and it’s expected that wages reduce as more people enter the job market. Factually, increase in population is responsible for influx in demand for college education and hence so long as population rises, rising college fees is inevitable and reduced wages due out excess labor output could also pop up. However, as pay offs to college graduates stagnate, rewards to high school diploma holders reduce hence widening the gap between the two (TIME). The implication is that, employers still attach more value to college education regardless of the degree taken. Research shows that college graduates earn more t han their counterparts (Economist), moreover, those who do not have a college degree believe that they have less (Piew). Therefore, the only constraint to college education is the ever rising cost. Not going to college does not solve the problem as it reduces productivity and hence reducing the expected returns to capital, making all investments not viable. Mr. Thiel creates a controversy in the importance of education by offering an alternative to college education and then again criticizing the viability of the alternative (Piew). Thiel himself, developed his business idea while still in college, a proof that attending college does not restrain the individual to job market and hence lead only to the middle class as most people think. Under capitalism, the rich are few, but among the rich college graduates are richer than their high school counterparts. Thiel produces capital

Job Brochure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Job Brochure - Essay Example Additionally, it provides quality of life to patients, which is not provided by other hospitals, as well as provides fair wages. It also has plans to expand the facility in order to provide its services to patients better. It has trained and mentored staff members in order to make its clients or patients have full confidence on the facility. Additionally, it aims at providing ample services and treatment to their employees through treating them well, paying them reasonably as well as giving them time for recreation. There are also spacious rooms for individuals suffering from different conditions to ensure efficient and effective delivery of Bright Home services. There are a number of old people around the Bright House Nursing Home facility which helps boost its client base. However, in order to reduce its expenses, it has plans to purchase a new facility and renovate the Wayfield bed and breakfast. Its center location also helps in promoting its accessibility to all its clients arou nd as well as from other areas. Additionally, being a non-profit organization, as well as an alternative care model, it helps the facility to offer other self-oriented facilities at a good price. Therefore, it provides health care to its patients at affordable prices. Its main focus is to make sure its patients; especially old people get the quality health care to make sure they live a healthy life. The structure, culture and a business model of Bright House Nursing home offers services that are exceptional, cheap, of high quality and offered conveniently. All these services are offered to the customer on a clean, safe and friendly environment. Jones (2007), Chap 8, Pg,126 claims that the culture and structure of an organization coordinates and motivate employees to perform at a high level in team, group as well as in other departments. Additionally, it helps in solving problems that stems up from lack of cooperation, conflicts, and misguided goals. The above explained model, struct ure and culture of Bright Home, will allow the company to operate more effectively and efficiently. The Bright House Nursing Home structure and business model can be summarized as having the following elements; Dedication, Competence, moral and ethical values. I chose competence, because, in any business, what the employee does normally leads the business in to the market. Dedication can also be referred to as ethical and moral values, which drive the owner of the business to go beyond offering customer service in order to lead his employees into achieving his goals in a fast, competitive, and friendly manner. By being honest with the clients, it is the most unique value as well as important that any business can offer to the customers, of course with the best service, (Jones, 2007, Chap 8, Pg,128). Bright House Nursing Home has chosen to draw the attention of its clients who receive quality-oriented service and have the desire to satisfy the constant need of their patients as well as exceed their expectations (Jones, 2007, Chap 8, Pg, 130. However, in order to achieve the results Bright House Nursing Home is committed to offering exceptional services in an environment that is combined with employee retention and motivation. We also provide health care to the elderly, skilled nursing care which only employs qualified personnel, computerized medical

College is worthy or not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

College is worthy or not - Essay Example Education is costly and the cost of education has been rising against an almost constant after college salary. Rationally, evading unnecessary education should reduce cost and hence increase social wellbeing of citizens and it’s on these basis that critics of college education base their argument. The increasing demand for education is responsible for the increase in cost and it’s expected that wages reduce as more people enter the job market. Factually, increase in population is responsible for influx in demand for college education and hence so long as population rises, rising college fees is inevitable and reduced wages due out excess labor output could also pop up. However, as pay offs to college graduates stagnate, rewards to high school diploma holders reduce hence widening the gap between the two (TIME). The implication is that, employers still attach more value to college education regardless of the degree taken. Research shows that college graduates earn more t han their counterparts (Economist), moreover, those who do not have a college degree believe that they have less (Piew). Therefore, the only constraint to college education is the ever rising cost. Not going to college does not solve the problem as it reduces productivity and hence reducing the expected returns to capital, making all investments not viable. Mr. Thiel creates a controversy in the importance of education by offering an alternative to college education and then again criticizing the viability of the alternative (Piew). Thiel himself, developed his business idea while still in college, a proof that attending college does not restrain the individual to job market and hence lead only to the middle class as most people think. Under capitalism, the rich are few, but among the rich college graduates are richer than their high school counterparts. Thiel produces capital

Creation of the Food Dye Coloring of a New Drink Lab Report

Creation of the Food Dye Coloring of a New Drink - Lab Report Example Food coloring involves the use of chemicals that add the intended color to the food. It is added often to drinks, condiments, and processed foods with the major aim of improving or maintaining the way a certain food appears. The main goal of this experiment is to come up with a dye solution that has the same composition as the one contained in a given commercial beverage. Synthesizing artificial dyes is cheaper compared to naturally occurring ones. Food dyes are important because they are used for numerous functions. They are used by manufacturers to enhance colors which occur naturally, providing the identity of foods, decorative purposes like in cakes color the colorless foods, provide consistency where varieties exist in the coloring, and in avoiding color losses resulting from environmental elements.Food dyes that are commonly used are pure organic chemicals, therefore, their use is limited to very small concentrations. The dyes which have been approved to be used in foods, drugs , and cosmetics are referred to as FD&C dyes. They are mainly large organic molecules that are developed to enhance or color the foods. Food dyes are used in very low concentrations which have been tested to be safe when consumed by human beings. Dyes occur either in natural form or artificial form. Natural dyes are obtained from natural sources such as minerals, animals, and plants while artificial ones are produced synthetically.This experiment is limited to the use of UV-Vis spectrometer in determining absorbencies of various samples.

Gollum Character Study Essay Example for Free

Gollum Character Study Essay Even in the rare cases when he finds himself with someone else, as he does in chapter 5 of The Hobbit, he talks to others in third person, apparently not able to say ‘you’, and he refers himself as â€Å"my precious†. Gollum is a unique creature, only because his body has deformed over the years of living in the caves of Moria beneath the Misty Mountains for so long. He is the size of a hobbit, but with pale skin and large eyes. He wears only dark clothes and is extremely thin from eating only fish and goblins over the years. He has only six teeth which are sharpened into points and he has a vicious strength which surprises Bilbo. Gollum owns a magic, which he calls his â€Å"precious†. Gollum has one treasure, a golden ring he calls his â€Å"birthday-present† because it came to him on his birthday. This ring makes whoever is wearing it invisible and takes over their lives and personality. Gollum â€Å"uses it to creep† around the goblin tunnels to catch young goblins to eat when he gets sick of fish. In The Hobbit, Gollum tries to find his ring so he can become invisible and kill Bilbo. Bilbo, of course, finding the ring before meeting Gollum, just happens to put on the ring right as Gollum comes to attack him. He becomes invisible and follows Gollum out of the tunnels. As Bilbo takes his final look at Gollum, he nearly kills the ugly creature. But Bilbo is filled with a â€Å"sudden understanding, a pity mixed with horror. † He sees Gollum’s â€Å"endless, unmarked days without light or hope of betterment†, and lets Gollum live. In exchange for this kindness, Gollum screams, â€Å"Thief, thief, thief! Baggins! We hates it, we hates it, we hates it for ever! † as Bilbo makes his escape. When Gollum first meets Bilbo, he is not hungry for hobbits, but he is afraid of Bilbo’s knife, so he tries to get on Bilbo’s good side by being friendly, showing that Gollum was once very similar to a hobbit, and challenging him to a game of riddles because â€Å"the riddle-game was sacred and of immense antiquity†. Bilbo accepts, because he wants Gollum to show him the way out of the goblin tunnels under the Misty Mountains. But the game makes Gollum both hungry and angry.

Discuss Woolf Reforms Effect On Civil Justice Law Essay

Discuss Woolf Reforms Effect On Civil Justice Law Essay This essay will seek to analyse the Woolf Reforms and in that context will evaluate the overall qualitative impact that they have had on the Civil Justice system. The essay will discuss the background in which Woolf Reforms were passed, the Woolf Reforms, Impact/intention of the reforms, Objective analysis based on criticism (positives and negatives) and finally the essay will conclude by analysing whether the Woolf Reform has actually succeeded in its definitive goal of reducing cost and delay. Background In 1995 there was a survey carried out by National Consumer Council  [1]  which found that 3 out of 4 people who are involved in serious legal disputes were dissatisfied with the civil justice system. It was found that of the 1,019 respondents, 77 percent believed that the system was too slow, 74 per cent stated that the system was too complicated and 73 per cent said that it was unwelcoming and outdated.  [2]   A cursory look at history reveals that Pre-Trial process has been the subject matter of numerous reports and inquiries. Since 1968 there has been the Winn Committee  [3]  , the Cantley Committee  [4]  , the massive Civil Justice review 1985-1988  [5]  and the Heilbron-Hodge Working party jointly set up by the Bar and the Law Society  [6]  . These are outside the purview of this Essay as the new system of Civil procedure took effect on the basis of the recommendations made by Lord Woolf in his June 1995 Interim Report  [7]  and his July Final report, both of which are entitled Access to Justice  [8]  . Senior members of judiciary have always boldly defended the significance of civil justice and were concerned about the degradation and the problems inflicting the civil justice system  [9]  . Genn further stated that he was aware of the sorry state of the civil courts  [10]  . It was in this background of continuous criticism that the previous Conservative Government appointed Lord Woolf to carry out a far reaching review and overhaul the civil justice system. His inquiry is the 63rd such review in the past 100 years  [11]  . The 3 perennial problems of cost, delay and complexity have plagued the civil justice system for ages and it was these ills that the Woolf reforms sought to redress  [12]  . Indeed, the whole ethos of civil justice is bound to fail if litigation which in itself is a costly affair cannot provide timely, less expensive and simple justice. Lord Woolf wanted to eliminate the defects in the civil justice system which were identified as being: too expensive, too slow, lacking equality between powerful and wealthy litigants and under-resourced litigants, too uncertain in terms of the length and cost of litigation, too fragmented and too adversarial  [13]  . Therefore it was in this light that in March 1994, the Lord Chancellor set up the Woolf enquiry whereby ways of reducing delays and improving accessibility of civil proceedings, and of reducing their cost were to be found  [14]  . On 26th April 1999 New Civil Procedure Rules and the accompanying Practice Directions came into force. These rules constitute the most fundamental reform of the civil justice system in the 20th century, introducing the main recommendations of Lord Woolfs final report. He described his proposals as providing A new landscape for civil justice for the 21st century  [15]  . Woolf Reforms- The need for reform The whole ethos of the Woolf reforms is woven around avoiding litigation and promoting settlement between parties  [16]  . While it shall be analysed in detail whether the much needed reforms fulfilled their purpose or not, it can be stated in the affirmative that the Reforms were very well received by various quarters of the legal profession  [17]  . However, the reforms have not escaped criticism and one of their outspoken critics is Michael Zander. The inquiry by Woolf published its final report in 1996 and thereafter the proposals resulted in the Civil Procedure Act 1997 and the Civil Procedure Rules 1998, which are the same  [18]  for the County court and High Court. It needs to be clarified here that the changes sought by Woolf Reforms bear effect primarily through the Civil Procedure Act 1997 and the CPR 1998, although these have been supplemented by new practice directions and pre-action protocols  [19]  . Lord Woolf, when he began his examination of the Civil law process identified diverse problems  [20]  . His interim report of June 1995 sates that the key problems facing civil justice today are cost, delay and complexity, these three are interrelated and stem from the uncontrolled nature of the litigation process. In particular there is no judicial responsibility for managing individual cases or for the overall assessment of the civil courts  [21]  . Heilbron Hodge, who called for a radical appraisal of the approach to civil litigation form all its participants, paved the way for Woolf report and accompanying reforms . It was forewarned  [22]  by Lord Woolf that without effective judicial control the adversarial process of the civil courts was likely to degenerate into an environment in which the litigation process is too often seen as a battlefield where no rules apply immediate effect of which would be disproportionate expense and unpredictable delay  [23]  . Being conscious of all these problems, Lord Woolf envisaged a New Landscape for Civil justice which included: Litigation will be avoided wherever possible, litigation will be less adversarial and more co operative, Litigation will be less complex, the timescale of litigation will be shorter and more certain, the cost of litigation will be more affordable, more predictable, and more proportionate to the value and complexity of individual cases, parties of limited financial means will be able to conduct litigation on a more equal footing, there will be clear lines of judicial and administrative responsibility for the civil justice system, Judges will be deployed effectively so that they can manage litigation in accordance with the new rules and protocols, the civil justice system will be responsive to the needs of litigants.  [24]   For paucity of space I shall be discussing the main reforms that have an immediate effect on cost and delay: Pre-Action protocol, Part 36, Judicial Case Management and ADR. These were the brainchild of Lord Woolf, in this context I will compare Judicial Statistics as regards the impact of these reforms and will also evaluate the criticisms meted out to these reforms from various quadrants. The proposed objective of all these reforms was to encourage settlement, avoid litigation, encourage parties to be less adversarial, more cooperative, reduce complexity of litigation, reduce delay, and reduce cost.  [25]  It is but utmost important to discuss the reforms to see whether these objectives have been met or not. Pre-action Protocols The idea was pioneered by Lord Woolf and can be considered as one of the most important innovations of the Woolf Reforms. Pre-action Protocols focus on the conduct of parties in the pre litigation stage which will be taken into account by the courts both during the case and also towards the end when the final decision regarding allocation of costs is taken. Pre-action protocols serves an effective means to this end as they are accompanied by the practice directions which describe their chief objective as encouraging exchange of early and full information about the prospective claim, avoiding litigation by promoting settlement and where litigation emerges as the last resort, to support its efficient management  [26]  . It was stated by Lord Woolf in the Final report on Access to Justice (1996) that Pre-action protocols are intended to build on and increase the benefits of early but well informed settlements  [27]  .Clearly one can say that if parties know everything before han d, it does promote a healthy environment by way of co-operation and the civil litigation process can be avoided. There have been 9 pre-action protocols produced so far covering vast areas of practice such as personal injury, medical negligence and housing  [28]  . By 2003 they also existed for construction and engineering, defamation, professional negligence and judicial review. The purpose of these protocols was to  [29]  set down pre-court procedures, encourage good communication and early settlement. Further these protocols cast a duty on the claimant to give the defendant details of the claim and on the other hand the defendant must respond to these claims within a stricter period of time. The protocols state that the key documents on which the partys case wholly rests must be disclosed at an early stage. Both the defendant and the claimant must agree on the use of an expert witness where relevant. If the parties fail to comply with these pre-action protocols the immediate result is penalty whereby the party at fault must pay some or all costs of the proceedings.  [30]  Claims however, should not be issued until at least three months after the initial letter of claim wherein the claimant has written to the prospective defendant disclosing his claim  [31]  . Evaluation/impact of the protocols will be carried out in the next section but it should be mentioned here that although pre action protocols may be expensive and can lead to front loading of costs in cases which would settle without them, they might be able to prevent the unnecessary costs of issuing proceedings and listing for hearing in the same cases. Another benefit that follows from the protocols could be that they might give the parties a healthy nudge towards Alternative Dispute Resolution  [32]  . Part 36: An Innovative Approach The Woolf Reforms instituted Part 36 which provides greater incentives for the parties to settle their differences mutually. Under Part 36 procedures exist for either party to make an offer to settle their disputes and these were significantly revised with effect from 6th April 2007. Now a part 36 offer can be made before the proceedings start as well as in the appeal proceedings. In this regard Offeror refers to the party making the offer and the Offeree is the one receiving it. Upon acceptance of an offer by the claimant a duty is cast on the defendant to pay the sum offered within 14 days, failure to do so would allow the claimant to enter judgement. Also, any pre- action offer to settle while making an order for costs will be taken into consideration by courts. A side refusing it will be treated less generously and this usually applies to offers which are open to the other side for at least 21 days after the date they were made. Lord Woolf suggested that for a settlement offer to qualify as an offer under Part 36 it must be made in writing with the intention to have the consequences of part 36. As regards Defendant making the offer, a period of not less than 21 days must be specified whereby the defendants liability for claimants will be established if the offer is accepted. Under the revised Part 36 however, any offer may be withdrawn after the expiry of the relevant period, as defined in Rule 36.3.1.c, without the courts permission  [33]  . Michael Zander states that when the defendant pays a sum of money into the court account as an offer of settlement, the case would end upon acceptance of the money. However if the offer is refused by the claimant, the defendant can still increase his payment-in. Upon further refusal the case will go to trial and the outcome will be determined by the court. If the Claimant does not recover more than the amount paid in, the court will order him to pay the cost of both sides from the date of payment-in. It would be worth mentioning Calderbank letters here because technically the system applies only to cases which concerned damages or other money claims whereas under these letters if the defendant makes an offer of settlement without prejudice save as to costs it would virtually be treated by the courts in the same way as if it was payment into court. Pre -CPR this rule 36 was applied inflexibly. Post 1999 the courts are able to mitigate the harshness of the traditional rule where the cl aimant was automatically ordered to pay the cost of both the sides upon failure to secure more than the amount paid in by the defendant. New rules now provide for the Claimants offer, which was considered to be a big change. For money claims Part 36 payments apply, however, where the claim is not monetary, the defendant can still make a part 36 offer (as opposed to part 36 payment) and thereafter the same basic rules shall apply. However the courts discretion  [34]  applies. All in all allowing the claimant to make an offer of settlement under the CPR has proved to be a welcome step  [35]  . The analysis of Part 36 will be discussed in the next section. Judicial Case Management: Striking a balance This is the most significant innovation as it was perceived by Lord Woolf that case control by judiciary, rather then leaving the conduct of the case to the parties, will bring the cases to trial quickly and efficiently  [36]  . It can be seen that the litigants in this new system will have much less control over the pace of the case than in the past. As the case is now subject to a timetable, parties will not be able to draw out proceedings and cause delays. A positive duty is cast on the court which means  [37]  : Civil Procedure Rules 1.4(1) encouraging parties to co-operate with each other in conduct of the proceedings, identifying the issues at an early stage, encouraging parties to use ADR, helping parties to settle whole or part of the case. Under the CPR Cases must be assigned to 1 of the 3 tracks: small claims, fast track or multi-track, each having its own separate regime depending primarily on the financial value of claim  [38]  . Limit for small claims cases is  £5,000 except for personal injury and housing cases where it is  £1000. Proportionate procedure is followed where straight forward claims with a financial value of not more than  £5,000 can be decided without needing substantial pre hearing preparation or formalities of substantial trial and also without incurring large legal costs  [39]  . These procedure under small claims are controlled by district judges on informal basis  [40]  . Cases involving amounts between  £5,000-15,000 are dealt here unless they are deemed unsuitable. The fast track procedure incorporates a set timetable of no more than 30 weeks to trial, limited pre-trial procedures, trials restricted to no more than 3 hours (which was further extended to 5 hours), restrictions on oral evidence form experts and recovery of standard fixed costs  [41]  . Cases involving amounts exceeding the fast track limit or cases with lesser amounts which are considered complex or to o important for small claims or fast track cases are dealt with here  [42]  . Evaluation of the impact of judicial case management on reduction in cost, delay and complexity will follow in the next section. ADR, though not part of the traditional Court system, has been brought in connection through the CPR. Lord Woolf in his Final Report urged that people should be told and encouraged to resort to a growing number of grievance procedures, or the ADR before taking up legal proceedings. These ADR feature prominently in the rules and CPR 1.4(1)  [43]  states that the court must further the overriding objective by actively managing cases. However, Lord Woolf commented that ADR cannot be imposed compulsorily on parties at dispute in civil litigation  [44]  . There are no complex court procedures to be adhered to while using ADR and also it saves a lot of time and avoids ever escalating litigation costs. Experts evidence was another area with which Lord Woolf was concerned. It was contended by him that expert evidence was a major cause because of which excessive expense, delay (in some cases) and complexity increased. He wanted to do away with the system where both the parties could appoint their own experts, rather he envisaged a single expert who would owe his allegiance to the court rather than to the parties. Given the criticism of his proposal he admitted that though a significant shift towards single experts is not immediately possible, nevertheless it was possible to initiate a shift in that direction  [45]  . Impact/Evaluation of the Reforms Before evaluating the reforms it may be stated in the affirmative that the Overriding Objective of the new CPR was to enable the courts to deal justly with the cases. CPR rule 1.1(1) reads: These rules are a new procedural code with the overriding objective of enabling the court to deal with cases justly  [46]  . The combined effect of the major reforms was to avoid parties going to litigation and to promote settlement. This merit analysis based on empirical data wherein the major focus is to evaluate reduction in cost and delay. Early evidence reveals success on the part of these radical changes as, there was 25 % reduction in the number of cases issued in the county courts in May August 1999 which in comparison to the same period in the previous year was much less. This further fell to 23 % by the end of January 2000. Lord Phillip stated that the reforms have proved to be effective in changing the whole ethos of litigation but litigation itself is still expensive. It was commented by Gary slapper et al that overall reforms can be seen as a triumphant step in the right direction as larger proportion of society is able to achieve greater access to justice especially when the issues at dispute are relatively small and can be dealt with quickly and cheaply in the small claims track. However, t he reforms do not fare that well where complex commercial disputes are concerned.  [47]   As a result of the reforms many positive changes have occurred, the culture has become less adversarial, there is better exchange of information between the parties before the start of litigation and settlement now focuses on the substantive issues in the case  [48]  . Cards on table culture, as it can be called, is a major factor leading to settlement. Communication and exchange of information at an early stage always help  [49]  . Furthermore, claimant offers under Part 36 were praised as claimants could now obtain a response from the defendant and defendants also benefitted from them as they could set upper limits to the bargaining. Protocols, by focussing on formulating clear ground rules on the basis of which claims are formulated and responded to, encouraged parties to focus their minds on the key issues at an early stage  [50]  . File survey undertaken by Goreily et al revealed that median time in case of medical report to settlement had fallen from 170 days pre Wo olf to 123 days post-Woolf, thereby reflecting that settlement has become quicker  [51]  . In case of large claims which were subject to court timetables, solicitors thought the speed has become quicker. As regards cost it was acknowledged that costs increased because of front-loading as now more work is required to be done during the initial stages  [52]  . Evidence regarding protocols suggested that it had some impact in reducing costs as earlier exchange of information could lead to speedier settlements because both sides become aware of the issues much sooner. Case management evaluation however, received a mixed response. Experience in relation to High Court Masters in London was perceived as positive and leading to a greater incentive to reach agreement before hearing. However, outside London the experiences were not that positive  [53]  . Judicial statistics reveal that the number of claims have fallen to less than 1,90,000 in 2005 as compared to 2,20,000 in 1998. All this has happened since the coming into force of the Woolf reforms, though favourable economic climate may also account for this  [54]  . Cases have diverted from being litigated in the courts as a result of the use of pre-action protocols and claimant offers under part 36 which encourage pre-trial settlements, causative effect being that only 8% of cases which are listed for trial settle during the course of trial and 70% settle much earlier. This is suggestive of the fact that the reforms have been a positive step towards out-of-court settlements which have the advantage of providing a quick/speedy end to the dispute coupled with a reduction in costs  [55]  . First evaluation of the new Civil Procedure Rules by the Government  [56]  indicated the overall benefits of reforms whereby it was stated that cases are settling much earlier and not at the courts doorstep. Litigation is regarded as the last resort by lawyers and clients who now make greater use of ADR. Pre-action protocols were believed to be a success. All these findings are further supported by the latest research  [57]  into the civil justice system  [58]  . A major official study published by the institute of Civil Justice at the Rand Corporation in California (Kakalik et al, 1996) looked into the effect of American Civil Justice Reform Act 1990 based on a survey of 10,000 cases. And found that early use of Judicial case management can yield reductions of one and a half or 2 months to resolve cases that would otherwise last at least 9 months. Discovery timetables further reduce time to disposition and also the number of hours spent by a lawyer working on the case. However one drawback is that case management will ultimately lead to an approximately 20 hour increase in lawyers work overall  [59]  . Only 2 proper research studies on the impact of Woolf reforms have been there so far. The first one was carried out for the Civil Justice council and the Law Society (Goreily et al.)  [60]  on pre -action behaviour. The second for Department of constitutional affairs by Professors Peysner and Seneviratne  [61]  dealt with the case management  [62]  . It was contended on the basis of this second research that protocols generate co-operation, and help prepare cases in a organised way and also discussed widespread employment of single joint experts and that days of hired guns are over.  [63]  . It is important here to mention the benefits accruing as a result of the Woolf Reforms which have been validated from a variety of sources  [64]  : Culture seems to be less adversarial which reflects a better future, Pre action protocols have received laudable applause, Part 36 offers and payments seem to promote healthy settlement, single joint experts seem to work better in contrast to views of critics. Judicial Statistics reveal that average waiting time in county courts from issue of claim to trial has reduced form 85 weeks in 1998 to 52 weeks in 2005  [65]  . Analysing Statistics from Department of constitutional affairs, Reynolds Porter Chamberlin (RPC) a large city law firm found that in the first year of the reforms there was a 41.3 % drop in cases being litigated and in the following 5 years(in 2005) it further declined to a drop of 1.7%  [66]  . District Judge Terence John being sceptical however, stated that the reforms have changed the civil legal world for better and are here to stay. He further observed that 70 % of the claims are being dealt through the small claims track and 20 % through the fast track; all this makes recourse to justice realistic  [67]  . Also Judge Charles Harris QC commented, trials are held pretty briskly as a result of case management which restricts incompetent litigators to prolong the case.  [68]   Criticism A major criticism of the Woolf reforms was mounted by Zander who opined that there is immense pressure  [69]  on parties to enter settlement once the case begins. Empirical evidence suggests that it is not necessary that pre-trial hearing will reduce cost and delay  [70]  . Further report by T. Goreily et al suggests that overall time before and after reforms have remained the same  [71]  . (However it may be stated, further empirical data on delay as a result of reforms a

Hard Cover vs. Hard Drive Essay -- Compare Contrast Writing Technology

Hard Cover vs. Hard Drive Will Electronic Publications Ever Replace the Book? At one time our world was strictly an oral culture. We recited stories, kept records stored in our memories. When writing was invented did we suddenly stop speaking to one another or remembering facts? Of course not. At any given moment we can recall, from memory, names, dates, and places that we have committed to memory. When the printing press was invented, did we stop writing by hand? Again, no. So, why would we stop reading a book just because we have access to the World Wide Web? All previous information technologies of language, rhetoric, writing and printing are technological in themselves (Landow 218). These technologies—writing, speaking, typing—may seem second nature, but given time so will the Web. There are reasons for choosing a book over the Internet. To make that choice, first you must ask yourself what material you want to read, and why you want to read it. Then you can more easily discover the best medium to read it on. "It appears that electronic publications are generally either read by different people than those who read printed works, or are used by them differently†¦or as compliments, but not competitors (Pang 344)." If I want driving directions, for example, I could pull out my atlas and look through the pages of roads I’ve never heard of and landmarks I have ever seen. Or, I could go to www.mapquest.com and simply type in my starting point and final destination and get exact directions and mileage along with a map of that specific area in a matter of seconds. This is just one instance where the web is the choice over a book. "A great many—perhaps most—books do not contain literature, the arts, history, or even... ... distinction, I’m not sure. Maybe I have more respect, even a sense of duty, to the classical writers. At any rate "the movement to embrace new technology will not be a movement from something natural or human to something artificial—from nature to technology," and George Landow puts it, "since writing and printing books are about as technological as one can be (Landow 219)." The World Wide Web has just given us a different forum to experience text we have come to love and depend on. Works Cited Tribble, Evelyn B. & Anne Trubek, ed. Writing Material: Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003. Landow, George, "Twenty Minutes into the Future, or How Are We Moving Beyond the Book?" Tribble & Trubek 214-26. Pang, Alex Soojung-Kim, "The Work of the Encyclopedia in the Age of Electronic Reproduction." Tribble & Trubek 343-51.