Analysis Of The Limey s The Limey - 1465 Words

Sudden events such as a loved one passing away can shatter someone’s sense of order; it can push towards nostalgia and further alienate from everything. When getting lost in these memories, we visualize the actions that we could have done and the actions that could have been avoided in order to bring more happiness to the lost loved one. Nevertheless, a sudden loss also has the power to free us after all the meditation. It might help us appreciate again the world, help us grow and become receptive again. Soderbergh’s non-linear story â€Å"The Limey† shows precisely this through the exploration of the main character’s stream of consciousness and his complex notion of moral character. The whole film is the recollection of Wilson’s messy memories where his past co-exists with his present, therefore it is told from his point of view. Due to this he is often shown in a meditative state either smoking or with his head looking down in regret. An â€Å"unexpected-like† tragic event was what dragged Wilson to LA after 9 years of prison. Wilson is the main character in the film; He is an old-looking Englishman who has just lost his daughter, Jenny, in a tragic car accident. Wilson suspects about his daughter’s death, therefore he decides to further investigate. As soon as his airplane lands he sets out to go meet Ed Roel, the guy who sent him the letter, which contained the newspaper clipping about her daughter’s death. With Ed’s help he then discovers Jenny was romantically involved with a

Effects of Finanacial Crises on Nigerian Capital Market

INTRODUCTION With its roots in banking, the sub-prime mortgage crisis that commenced in the United States in 2007 soon resonated in other sectors of its financial system, and the economy, at large. It spread quickly to the developed economies in Europe, including the United Kingdom, and Asia -with Japan becoming well affected. The emerging economies were not isolated. A transmission channel of the global financial crisis, which has been referred to as the â€Å"Globalised Synchronized Slowdown† is the stock market SERE-EJEMBI, (2008). Around the world stock market indicators started falling. The capital market, vis-à  -vis the stock market, is a channel through which national economies receive foreign capital flows that make their tendency†¦show more content†¦5 in ESCWA (2009)). In an attempt to curb falling prices, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) introduced a series of cuts in output. At the time of writing, oil prices have begun to stabilize at levels ranging in the mid US$ 40 per barrel and also there was withdrawal of investment from foreign investors or huge capital outflow In Nigeria — Africa s largest exporter of crude oil which amounts to 80 percent of its earnings, the impact of the credit crunch has been enormous, the 3.1-trillion-naira-budget is in deficit. illiquidity and Credit crunch leading to confidence crisis, weak consumer demand, Sub-prime crisis of 2007 and breakdown of confidence in the banking system, De-leveraging and banks inability to improve capital adequacy, Possible protracted recession in the US and Europe with upturn expected perhaps in 2010 and 2011, Declining real output growth—slowed economic growth (threat of global recession), Weakened financial systems—takeovers and bankruptcy, Loss of jobs, Loss of confidence in financial markets- leading to inability to carry out their intermediation role in the economy, Stock Market Crashes omyiuke (2010) OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of global financial crises on the Nigerian capital market, other specific objectives include; * To evaluate the

Nursing Essay Health and Welfare of Australia

Question: Describe about the Nursing Essay for Health and Welfare of Australia. Answer: Introduction: The first inhabitants of the country of Australia are the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people. They are two cultural and original people of the country. The Federal government of Australia has identified the Aboriginals as the people who are the descendants of Aboriginals or are identified as Aboriginals or are accepted by the community as aboriginals. The Torres Strait Islanders are the people who came from the strait of Torres which is geographically located in the middle of Cape York tip and Papua New Guinea. Both of the tribes have their own cultural diversity. These people are referred to as indigenous people. The people from the rest of the world have entered into Australia and started to settle down there and these indigenous people became endangered. These people need the support from the government for their livelihood and health issues. These people have to struggle a lot for their existence (Humanrights, 2016). The essay is all about these two diverse groups in Australia and the discussion is related to the current and the historical events and the ways through which they have impacted on the known factors of risk in each of the cultural groups. The essay also discusses the health care policies and provisions of service that have motivated health outcomes for each indigenous group (Humanrights, 2008). In this essay, another group of people is being discusses that is the Chinese Australian community of people. They are the Chinese immigrants those immigrated into Australia many years ago and are considered as the biggest Chinese colony in Oceania. They are now the citizens of Australia but their ancestry and origin is China(Racism No Way, 2012). Discussion: Current and historical events and how they have impacted on known risk factors in each cultural group: The native people need the support and assistance of the governing bodies. It is seen that when the people from different corners of the world have settled down in Australia the native people had to struggle for their livelihood and existence. The origin of the Aboriginals is not known with certainty. Some of the studies have said that they were the nomads of Africa and Siberia. Thousands of years ago these people had entered into Australia and became the fist inhabitants of Australia. Some of the researches have claimed that the Aboriginal culture is almost 400000 years old (Korff J. , 2016 ). There has been a history talking about the Aboriginals being slaved. The workers of this clan were treated even badly than the animals. They were given huge loads of work but paid even less than 3% of the wage of the white skinned workers. They were exploited by the white skinned people and colour and racial discriminations were highly prominent. The Queensland Trust used to pay for their well beings but that had never reached the hands of the workers and their families. In the year 1949 the government had announced that these workers would be given 66% of the wages of the white skinned workers but there were many evidences which showed that only 31% was given in real. They were not given proper food and health care. They were even traded as commodities. They were brutally treated and they were not independent (Korff, 2016). The people of Torres Strait Islands are the native people of Australia. The Islanders have been living in the islands from thousands of years and there are almost 100 islands where these people live. There is no such evidence reflecting brutal and pathetic history like that of the Aboriginals. But they were also not allowed to live as the non-indigenous people and to lead a privileged life. They were not privileged in the educational grounds. They had a tough lifestyle and they had to struggle for their livelihood. They are believed to be Melanesian people. They are quite different from the Aboriginals. They were also given the lower standard of living. They were economically backward. There was high rate of discrimination of income and health care. They did not have money for their personal care. But things have changed as time passed in. In the present scenario of Australia there are still these people. They are associated with the present of the country. There had been many changes in the culture of these people. In the recent time these people get the privilege of the normal lifestyle and they are also given proper health support. They are given the opportunities to go to the schools and take education. The slavery is absolutely abolished and they are counted among the privileged with equal rights in every sector (Keenan, 2012). Both the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders are now treated in equitable platform with the other non-indigenous people. They are given equal health support and educational backgrounds and they are also treated with the other people of the country. There have been many of the employment programs specially designed for these indigenous people. These provisions help them with the needful financial support so that they could lead a respectful and normal lifestyle. But many of recent studie s have claimed that these people are still economically retarded people in the society of Australia. They are more used to with the health care provisions provided to them with the state and national government. The differences in the income levels of these people have made them to restrict to the public health care institutions. In the 19th century, the Chinese Australians were mainly employed as the labour force in the country and they were being racially and culturally discriminated. They also faced the language barriers and the other citizens of the country did not mix very well with them. But, from that time till today this Chinese Australian community has proved their worth by becoming one of the most highly educated and established communities in Australia today. The history of this community dates back to the 19th and the early 20th centuries. During those times, China was facing several issues like famines, civil unrest, military defeats and even foreign occupations. This led to insecurity and feeling of unsafeness in the people of the country and therefore many of them started to leave their homeland and migrated into countries like the US and Australia in hope of a better future and living(Racism No Way, 2012). The history dates back to 1803 when the first Chinese born settler named Ahuto who was a carpenter. When the gold mines were discovered in Australia, then the volume of the Chinese e migration increased. In the year 1856, around 12,396 Chinese immigrants entered into Australia and formed their colonies. The majority of such people were employed as labourers by the native Australians. The immigration also brought several risk factors like the racism and oppressions on these Chinese immigrants manifold. They were even used as slaves by many and not considered to be a part of the country. They were initially treated like outcastes. They also brought with them certain diseases indigenous to China that was also a cause of concern for the native people of Australia and a major factor of distancing themselves from these Chinese Australians. How health care policies and service provision have influenced health outcomes for each cultural group: The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderpeople were having various kinds of health issues which were bothering them since their origin. Since the aboriginal or the indigenous people of Australia were not having the exposure to the modern amenities and facilities of healthcare as they were very old tribes of the country and they were also being considered to be alienated from the civilized people of the society, they were not receiving the proper healthcare services and as a result of this many of the diseases were spreading like epidemic among them. Few of these diseases are the gum diseases, chronic cardiovascular diseases and terminal diseases like cancer. The aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderpeople are the oldest and actual native people of the Australian continent. They are on the continent since generations and in the early days when the continent was found. Later on immigrants from different parts of the world began to migrate into Australia and they became the citizens of the country(Abs, 2011). The indigenous people were feeding on the raw meat of the various wild and domestic animals many years ago when they were the only major race in the country. Therefore they started to develop the gum diseases due to the lack of proper hygiene. The raw meat and flesh used to be deposited at the base of their teeth and gums and remained stuck there as there was no proper brushing like we have today. These raw flesh and meat used to decompose and cause bacteria and virus infestation. These were causing health hazards for them. The gums were bleeding and sometimes the gum diseases became so severe that it resulted in the decomposition of the major part of the gums which even caused the death of many of the tribesmen. The other diseases which were prevalent among them were the cardiovascular, coronary diseases, cataracts, renal failures, cot deaths, hypertensions and some forms of cancer like the lung and intestinal cancer. There were many cases of disabilities and mental health issues al so. All these diseases were very serious at that time because there was no modern facility of healthcare system during that time as a result of which many of the Aboriginal and the Torres Island People began to die(Abs, 2013). As the days passed by and the threshold of the modern era began to creep in, these tribesmen began to get more of exposure into the civilized world as more and more people began to migrate into the continent from different parts of the world. They began to develop the civilization in the modern ways and the aboriginal people were slowly getting in contact with them although they were treated like the outcastes by the people of the modern society. They were not even thought to be human beings by many of the people of the modern society. This often resulted into conflicts between the two. Gradually, the government of Australia understood the importance of these indigenous tribes and realized that they were the true inhabitants of the continent of Australia and therefore, the government should deal with them in a fair and humane manner such that these people also receive the modern facilities and amenities and try to become much civilized(Healthinfonet, 2015). The phases for the development of these people and providing them with the modern access to healthcare began in the 2000 and since 2008 these two tribes have access to the various types of the medical and hospital services whenever it was required. The data collected in 2010, showed that the 62% households of these tribes have access to the Aboriginal healthcare services, 74% of these tribes can have access to the hospitals in the urban areas whereas 63% of these tribes in the remote areas can have access to this healthcare services. The 82% of these tribes in the urban areas can have access to the healthcare clinics and 69% from the remote areas. It is also known that around 84% of these tribes now can have access to the modern pharmacies and chemists and for the remote areas this figure stands at 50%(Aihw, 2011). Therefore, it can be said that the modern people belonging to these tribes have very good access to the healthcare infrastructure and all kinds of amenities and facilities and they are also being treated well by the modern civilized people of the country. It was also observed that just over 1/4th of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoplethose were of the age of 15 years or above were having problems in getting some of these healthcare services in the form of very long queuing times and medical expenses. These problems were mainly observed at the doctors, hospitals and the dentists where 10%, 7% and 20% of the adults, respectively were facing these problems. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peopleof the modern Australian society are having access to the child care services also along with the other community facility and services. Besides exposure to the modern healthcare facilities, they were also being made available to the following services: emergency services which are available to the almost 80% of the households, the facilities of police stations those are available to the 83% of their tribal population, school bus services which are available to 83% of households in the urban areas and 61% of the households in the remote areas. It was also observed that around 14% of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents of children ranging from newborns to 12 years were in need of better formal child care. In the remote areas the facilities of child care are still limited due to which the formal care of the children was not sufficiently resorted by the parents. Around 40% of the children in the urban areas needed more formal care of parents and around 31% of the children in the remote areas were not able to undertake formal child care properly due to the high costs of such care(Healthinfonet, 2013). In the 19th century and the early 20th century when the Chinese immigrants were rushing into Australia in hope of better living and security, they were not very well treated by the native people of the country and other ethnical groups of the country. They were not duly provided the various facilities of the community like social security, healthcare services, etc. There was extreme racism. These Chinese people were prone to various kinds of health hazards like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. The major types of cancers that this community of people suffered from were stomach, liver, intestinal, rectum and lung cancers. The Chinese Australians had a belief that they would be examined mainly by practitioners of their own ancestry that is Chinese. This is also one of the reasons why they refused to avail the healthcare services provided by the native Australians. However, in the modern era there have been certain policies for the Chinese Australians from the government. However, it can be said that there is evidence that the use of the public health services and hospitals are low in case of Chinese Australians. This is owing to the mentality of these people who tend to trust the Chinese practitioners only. The major barriers those were identified by researches conducted on the Chinese Australians are lack of proper interpreter services, very low use of the cancer preventive services like the Pap smear and screening of the breasts. Other barriers include the lack of awareness about the ethnic health workers and their existence. However, there has been improvement of these barriers since the 1990s and the government has designed several strategies to ensure that these people are treated as good as the normal residents of the country and the barriers such as problems in accessing services of mental health, communication problems, very low litera cy of mental health, discrimination, issues about confidentiality and stigma are eradicated(Queensland Health Multicultural Services, 2011). Conclusion: To conclude this essay it can be said that the Aboriginal and the Torres Island People are the indigenous and the fast inhabitants of the island continent of Australia. They are the main strongholds of the country which was later on populated by the various immigrants coming from different parts of the world. Therefore, it is the basic duty and responsibility of the government of the country to take care of the needs and wellbeing of the original inhabitants of the country. They were since long underprivileged and were not exposed to the modern amenities and facilities those the civilized society of the country was blessed with. They had their own socio-cultural-politico-economical issues which were not given due importance until this millennium. The essay also reflected the history, background and health related services those are offered to the Chinese Australian people and the major risk factors those are associated with them. The government of Australia has undertaken many projects and campaigns since the advent of the new millennium to provide much advanced healthcare and other community facilities to these two of the most ancient tribes of Australia. Today, it can be said that these tribes are getting the proper exposure to every amenity and facility of the society like any other people and this has reduced the cases of health issues which are now much controlled owing to the availability of medical services to these tribal groups. They are now sharing the same amenities, facilities, infrastructural and technological prowess along with the common citizens of the country although there are opportunities for further development and improvement in these services. Nevertheless, the government of the country needs to be credited for assuming a responsible approach to ensure that these two groups of the oldest inhabitants and residents of the country are not wiped out from the land and they can be considered as equally important human assets with the civilized society of Australia. References: Abs. (2011). 4704.0 - The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Oct 2010. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from abs.gov.au: https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/lookup/4704.0Chapter930Oct+2010 Abs. (2013). 4727.0.55.001 - Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey: First Results, Australia, 2012-13. Retrieved Occtober 23, 2016, from abs.gov.au: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/products/6E0B21BA32AB4B8ACA257C2F001461C0?OpenDocument Aihw. (2011). The health and welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people 2011. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from aihw.gov.au: https://www.aihw.gov.au/indigenous-observatory/health-and-welfare/ Healthinfonet. (2013). Factors contributing to Indigenous health. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au: https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/states-territories-home/wa/reviews/our-review/health-risk-factors Healthinfonet. (2015). Summary of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au: https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-facts/summary Humanrights. (2008, march 20). Close the Gap: Indigenous Health Equality Summit - Statement of Intent. Retrieved from humanrights: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/close-gap-indigenous-health-equality-summit-statement-intent Humanrights. (2016). Questions and Answers about Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from humanrights: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/questions-and-answers-about-aboriginal-torres-strait-islander-peoples#q1 Keenan, S. (2012, january 26). Aboriginal Australians are part of the country's present not just its past. Retrieved from theguardian: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/26/aboriginal-australians-australia-day Korff. (2016, june 24). Was there ever Aboriginal slavery in Australia? Retrieved from creativespirits: https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/history/australia-has-a-history-of-aboriginal-slavery Korff, J. (2016 , october 9). How old is Aboriginal culture? Retrieved from creativespirits: https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/history/how-old-is-aboriginal-culture Queensland Health Multicultural Services. (2011). Chinese Australians . Retrieved from health.qld.gov.au: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/multicultural/health_workers/Chinese2011.pdf Racism No Way. (2012). Australian Communities: Chinese Australians. Retrieved from racismnoway: https://www.racismnoway.com.au/teaching-resources/factsheets/74.html

Managing Across Borders for Controlling - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theManaging Across Borders for Planning andControlling. Answer: Introduction Management is the process of planning, controlling, directing and organizing business operations, resources and employees with an aim of achieving the set goals and objectives. Business management is the responsibility of the managers. Managing across borders involves the management of an international business environment which will consist of completely different aspects (Jain, 2012). Managing across boarders also refers to management of an international business organization. Management of an international environment currently has become a serious business operation especially for managers. This is caused by the adverse changes that face the international operating environment (Hale, 2009). Business organizations and industries are developing and growing at high rates which gives them the desire to go global (Grainger, 2010). The desire to exploit the global economies of scale and benefits for these businesses has led to great need for coordination and integration of management a ctivities. Therefore, in todays business world, this calls for capable managers or leaders with effective and efficient management skills that can be applied in every part of the world. With the increasing desire for growth and development, the international business environment requires a manager who can be successful in managing it (Kieck, 2010). In addition to that, it is important to secure and maintain the global advantage for such businesses and industries which ensures future productivity. Research has shown that, the global business environment currently needs managers with great technical and interpersonal skills that will help them manage and adapt to the various changes of the environment. Managing across boarders clearly offers the managers an opportunity to improve their skills, develop their knowledge and careers and implement their management strategies all over the world (Doyle, 2010). In this assignment I will discuss the challenges facing management across boarder, benefits or advantages realized and the solutions to those challenges. Discussion Challenges Facing Across Boarder Management Cultural differences When a business goes global, it has to open more stores or start operation in another country or continent. Global businesses operate all over the world. Every country has its own different ethnic groups and races with different cultural practices. If the businesss cultural practices are different from those of the new location, then this becomes a challenge for it. Many businesses have ended up changing their business operations to suit those of the surrounding environment especially when they go global. These cultural practices can be practices related to national holidays, religious holidays e.g. Christmas among others (Reilly, 2015) Therefore, for management across boarder to be successful and effective for a business or manager, they should be able to identify and respect the cultural differences between the employees, stakeholders, business owners, customers and any other person who may be involved with business development and growth. Difference in technology advancement Different countries have different levels of technology advancement (McLinden et al, 2011). There are those that are still developing like in Africa and those that are already developed like USA. Businesses operating in these locations certainly use different technologies in their product or service production processes. In that case, when a business decided to go global and locate itself in a location that has different technological support, it becomes a challenge for it. This is for every business because the employees may not have the skills, experience and expertise to work with the technology. Therefore, this becomes a challenge for the managers to control and organize the operations in that kind of environment. Business complexity Businesses managers use various strategies to run their operations. A business that focuses on the improvement of its efficiency, effectiveness, learning and responsiveness to situation changes faces a challenge when it decides to go global. Operating in an international environment causes higher levels of complexity. Basically, the very act of a business going international multiplies a businesss operational complexity by default. Therefore, this means even the management process must be of high levels and effective for the business to be successful. However, complexity becomes a problem if the managers are not well prepared for the changes and if they are not effective and strong in making the right decisions. Differences in management methods Every country has its own common and popular management techniques for its business organizations. When a business goes global or when a manager is preparing to manage across boarder business, they must be able to adapt to the new locations management techniques (Bei? and Hirt, 2016). On the other hand, the business managers seem to persist on using their own management strategies and methods. However, if the managers or the business is not ready to adapt to the technique they should find another way to effectively and efficiently manage their operations with success. Geographical differences The geographical differences relate to the long distances between the business locations, for those that are already international businesses. The organizations are usually based in different countries which means that they are far apart. Additionally, for a managers who is managing an international business environment, it is a challenge. The managers must travel long distances to check out the business operations and development status. Furthermore, they have to check out the progress of the employees and their productivity. This is a challenge for managers who are used to meeting their employees, stakeholders, business owners etc. on regular bases because that may not be possible hence causing management problems. Differences in economic status Every country has its own economic growth rate. Developed countries have fast growing economic growth rates while developing and underdeveloped countries have low economic growth rate. These differences become a challenge for managers in charge of an international business or environment (Maur and Wilson, 2010). The currencies and exchange rates for these countries is also always different. This may affect management of businesses in different countries than management of those locally placed. Solutions to Challenges For businesses and managers to be able to be successful in managing across boarder, the following solutions can be used to avoid the challenges and solve the problems faced: Provision of a common managerial methods To avoid the challenge on management and solve the problem of insisting on using same managerial methods, an international manager(s) should create a suitable managerial techniques that is likely to be accepted by every stakeholder, business owner or employee themselves. The mangers should focus on identifying and recognizing every countrys management technique. Comparisons should be carried out to be able to decide the best method for which country and location (Khumalo and Chibira, 2015). Through this, managers who are responsible for global environment and those that manage international businesses will certainly be successful in their role. They will also be able to implement their management strategies effectively and efficiently. Recognition of the cultural differences This will avoid the challenge that relates to cultural differences. The management team should focus on identifying and recognizing all the differences in culture among the organizations employees, stakeholders, customers, investors among others. They should know what races and ethnic groups that are available in the organization or business environment. In addition to that, the managers should encourage cultural practice respect and adherence (Grainger, 2007). For instance, for the Christians, they should be allowed to celebrate their Christmas celebrations without pressure. By identifying and recognizing other peoples culture, the managers will have the opportunity to learn those cultures hence making their work easier. Creation of appropriate business laws Different countries have different laws and regulations governing the business activities. Furthermore, there are laws that also govern the production of business production or services which are different for each country. Therefore, for an international business, the challenge on what law is to be adhered to can be avoided by creating new laws for the business itself, its products and services. These laws should however go hand in hand with the laws of the country where the business will be/is operating (Reilly, 2015). For managers who manage international environments, they should learn and be ready to adhere to the laws of the countries where their business operations are. Effective and efficient communication processes and structure This will solve the issue with geographical differences. The challenge of managers failing to attend business meetings in every organization in every country can be avoided and solved by developing an effective and efficient communication process (Boermans, 2012). Communication can be through emails, phone calls, video calls among other methods. The managers can conduct meetings vial Skype or video conferences rather than waste time travelling all over the world to conduct meetings. However, the managers should be ready to connect with the other managers and organize meetings at regular times of the business year in different countries. Benefits of Cross Border Management Improvement in management and leadership skills With cross boarder management, the managers have the opportunity to manage and lead a large area. An international business has more employees, operations and activities to handle than the local business organizations. The managers get the chance to lead international organizations in international environment. The global business environment offers better opportunities for the managers to practice and implement their skills, knowledge, expertise and experience (Machulskyi and Bogomyagkov, 2012). This is likely going to develop their careers and improve most of the skills they have. Development of skills to manage virtual teams Business managers must possess certain skills that make them special and successful in their role. However, international managers should have even better skills for them to succeed in their role. Therefore, when managing global teams, the manager will be required to develop their skills more so that they can be fit for the role (Capaldo, 2013). They must be ready to change drastically according to environment (should be flexible), patient in dealing with changes and among all things be ready to learn. Understanding cultural differences In an international business and environment, different people get to practice various cultures. Just as mentioned earlier, a manager whose role is to conduct across boarder management should be able to identify those different cultures and recognize them. In addition to that, they should understand the cultures and respect them. Across boarder management offers a better chance for a manager to learn about new cultures, their influences and different ways to manage (Moran et al, 2014). Also, they get the chance to develop new strategies that will be effective and efficient for the success of their responsibilities across the world. Learning new management strategies When managers travel the world and visit different countries to manage their businesses, they get the opportunity to learn new different management strategies. This is gotten from the different methods used in different countries. Managers are able to choose the best ones for their organization, understand their advantages and disadvantages as well as the benefits that accrue to their usage. Managers also get to meet knowledgeable people either investors, stakeholders, customers and employees from whom they learn a thing or two from (Reiche et al, 2016). With this, the managers will be able to effectively manage their businesses. Conclusion Managing across boarder is the process of managing businesses across the world or in an international environment. International management therefore requires effective, efficient and well skilled managers to succeed. These type of management has a good number of challenges that are involved. However, the solutions are also an easy way out of the problems that face cross boarder management. Businesses should ensure that their businesses have investigated their chances of success, understood the benefits, advantages and disadvantages of being an international business. Additionally, they should ensure that they have identified the challenges and solution to those challenges before they go global. References Bei?, A. and Hirt, C., 2016. Diversity management across borders: the role of the national context.Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal,35(2), pp.123-135. Buyonge, C. and Kireeva, I., 2008. Trade facilitation in Africa: challenges and possible solutions.World Customs Journal,2(1), pp.41-54. Boermans, M.A., 2012.International Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development(Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University). Capaldo, J., 2013. The Uncertain Gains from Trade Facilitation.Tufts University, Global Development and Environment Institute Policy Brief, pp.13-02. Doyle, T., 2010. Collaborative border management.World Customs Journal,4(1), pp.15-21. Grainger, A., 2007, June. Trade facilitation: A review. Ina conference on Global supply chain security at Imperial College, London. Grainger, A., 2010. The role of the private sector in border management reform.BORDER, p.157. Hale, G., 2009.In Search of Effective Border Management. Canadian International Council. Jain, S.R., 2012. Coordinated border management: the experience of Asia and the Pacific region.World Customs Journal,6(1), pp.63-75. Kieck, E., 2010. Coordinated border management: unlocking trade opportunities through one stop border posts.World Customs Journal,4(1), pp.3-13. Khumalo, S. and Chibira, E., 2015. Finding practical solutions to cross border road transport challenges in SADC: a review of major challenges and prospects. Southern African Transport Conference. Machulskyi, I. and Bogomyagkov, Y., 2012. Corporate and business strategy at MNEs: A managerial practice view. Maur, J.C. and Wilson, J.S., 2010.Trade costs and facilitation: open trade and economic development. Edward Elgar Publishing. McLinden, G., Fanta, E., Widdowson, D. and Doyle, T., 2011.Border management modernization. World Bank. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Reiche, B.S., Mendenhall, M.E. and Stahl, G.K. eds., 2016.Readings and cases in international human resource management. Taylor Francis. Reilly, P., 2015. Managing across borders and cultures.Strategic HR Review,14(1/2), pp.36-41. Reilly, M.P. and Williams, M.T., 2012.Global HR: Challenges facing the function. Gower Publishing, Ltd...

Frictional Forces are Surface dependant Essay Example

Frictional Forces are Surface dependant Essay We were given a coursework question asking us to prove that Frictional Forces are Surface dependant. We were asked to prove this. I have therefore thought of several ways to do so; I thought of throwing different objects across different surfaces. I thought of using an elastic band to throw a block of wood, 4.5cm X 4.5cm x 4.5cm, across a certain surface with a certain length; 1.25 metres. I thought of making the surface as my independent variable and the block of wood as my dependant variable. I also thought of performing the above procedure but instead of using different types of surfaces, I thought I would use several types of blocks of different material, but all of the same weight. And using the rubber band, throw it across a surface of ceramic. We will write a custom essay sample on Frictional Forces are Surface dependant specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Frictional Forces are Surface dependant specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Frictional Forces are Surface dependant specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I have decided to merge the two ideas, and came up with the following idea and procedure; My idea was that I could use two 5cm x 5cm x 5cm blocks, one of wood, and the second of plastic foam. I intend to try them on several different types of surface; wood, ceramic, marble, carpet (with a certain thickness which I shall state later on), and glass. All of which are 1.00metres (100cm) in length. I intend to use the surfaces as my independent variables, and the blocks as my dependant variables. I intend to prove that the type of surface, makes a lot of difference in the velocity (speed) of the block, and that due to friction and the surface, the distance covered, and the time consumed change according to the type of surface, and whether it has a high frictional surface or a low frictional surface? My procedure: I thought that I would implement my idea so as to prove the relationship between the contact surface, and the frictional force. Firstly, I would like to refer to the information that I have gathered so as to enable me to place a procedure that is correct and which I guarantee that it will provide me with some reliable results. Friction is the property that objects have which makes them resist being moved across one another. If two objects are placed one on top of the other, the top object can be lifted without any resistance except that of gravity. But if one object is pushed or pulled along the surface of the other, there is a resistance caused by friction. Friction has many important uses; it makes the wheels of a locomotive grip the rails of the track. It allows a conveyor belt to turn on the pulleys without slipping. Without friction, we would not have been able to walk on the pavement; we would have kept on slipping! Thats why it is hard to walk on ice; it produces friction that is less than the pavement, and therefore causes us our shoes to slip. Friction also has disadvantages; it produces heat which causes objects to wear; have you ever looked at the soles of shoes which you have been wearing for 2 years, and the soles of brand new shoes? Observe the difference! Several layers of your shoes soles have worn away due to the friction of the shoes on the pavement, this is why lubricating oils are used to fill in the gaps between moving machinery parts. There are three main kinds of friction: Sliding or kinetic friction; this is produced when two surfaces slide across each other, like when a book moves across a table. There is also rolling friction, which is the resistance produced when a rolling body moves over a surface. E.g.: the friction between a car tyre and the street is rolling friction. Fluid Friction/ Viscosity are the third type of friction. It is the friction between moving fluids or between a fluid and a solid. Thinner fluids have less viscosity than thicker fluids, and usually flow faster. E.G: erosion of rocks in the rivers by running water. The law of friction: The basic law of friction states that the force needed to overcome friction is proportional to the total perpendicular force pressing one surface against the other. E.g.: when the weight of a box being pulled across the floor is doubled, the force pulling the box must be doubled. The ratio between the weight being pulled/pushed, and the force required is called the coefficient of friction. The value of the C.F depends on the type of surfaces moving against each other. Friction: Friction is the resistance that a moving object meets when it is in contact with another object. It is a force that converts a moving objects kinetic energy (energy of motion) into other forms of energy, such as heat and sound. This process slows the object down. Friction can be reduced for example, by lubricating the surfaces of the two objects in contact. Friction can be useful, too. It is the force that makes a cars brakes work. E.G.: When a match is struck, friction provides the heat that causes phosphorus in the match head to ignite. Coefficient of Friction: The coefficient of static friction is a measure of how much force must be applied to an object to overcome friction and set it moving across the surface of another object. It varies for different pairs of objects. The coefficient of kinetic friction describes how much force must be applied to overcome friction between the two objects once one of them is in motion. Theory Suppose you place a book on a rough desktop. The weight of the book produces an equal and opposite reaction force; R from the surface. The force you need to apply to make the book begin to slide is independent of its area of contact with the surface but is proportional to R. The force you need to apply is related to the weight of the book (equal to R) by the coefficient of static friction, symbol ?. If you try to push the book sideways with a force that is less than ?R, it is cancelled out by a corresponding frictional force, and the book does not move. As you increase the force, the frictional force increases too. The frictional force will continue to increase as a reaction to you pushing the book until it reaches ?R, which is the limit of static friction. If you increase the force beyond this limit, the book starts to move across the surface. The value of the coefficient ? is determined by the two adjacent surfaces and is not a strict constant. Its value varies from about 0.15 to 0.6 for most dry and fairly smooth surfaces. It depends only on the nature of the two bodies, and not (as might be supposed) on the area of contact between them. In other words, if you have two equally heavy books made from an identical material, you need to push just as hard to make them move, even if one book is large and thin (has a large cover) and the other is small and fat (has a small cover). Once an object is moving steadily across a surface, its movement is opposed by a kinetic friction force. This force has a value lower than the limiting force of static friction, meaning that a greater force is needed to start an object than to keep it moving. This is described by a coefficient of kinetic friction, which is always less than the coefficient of static friction for two objects. Formula Force needed to overcome friction (Fmax) = coefficient of static friction (?) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ force keeping body at rest (R). Since both forces are measured in Newton (N), the coefficient of static friction is simply a number with no units. Example A car of mass 1,000?kg has broken down on a road made of asphalt. If the driver has lost the keys and the brakes are locked on, what force is needed to push the car? The coefficient of static friction between rubber and asphalt is 0.60, and the acceleration due to gravity, g, can be taken to be 10?m?s?2. Solution The car resists any attempt to move it due to its weight, which is equal to its mass multiplied by the gravitational acceleration g. R = m à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ g = 1,000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10 = 10,000?N Fmax?=à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½?R Fmax?=?0.60?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½?10,000?N = 6,000?N A force of 6,000?newtons (N) is needed to push the car. Therefore, with reference to the information stated above, I have planned the following procedure and equipment: Apparatus: * 1 Block of wood with measurements 4.5cm X 4.5cm X 4.5cm (volume= 4.5cm3). (dependant Variable) * 1 Block of plastic foam, 4.5cm X 4.5cm X 4.5cm (volume = 4.5cm3). (dependant Variable) * 1.00metres of: ceramic, carpet (2mm thickness), carpet (7mm thickness), marble, wood, and glass. (independent Variables) * Stopwatch. * Tape-measure. * Elastic band (which reaches a length of 85cm when stretched). * Cello-tape. * Scissors. * A marker pen. * An electronic weighing scale. Procedure: 1. I will measure the sides of the cube to ensure that it is exactly 5cm3. 2. I will then measure 100 cm of each surface, and stick the cello-tape across the length of each. 3. Using the marker pen, I will place a mark on the tape every 10cms. 4. Next, I will measure a distance of 5cm (equal to the size of the cube) from one end of the surface, and also on the side opposite to it; 5cms extra to the 100 of the surface, 15 extra on the right hand sides, and 5cm extra on the left hand side. This is the space I will place the cube in before catapulting it across the surface. 5. I will then measure the width of the tape, and stick the exact amount of the rubber band underneath it, one side of the rubber band at a distance of 10cms apart. 6. Then, using the rubber band that has been stuck to the surface, I will place the wooden block in between the rubber band, and pull the rubber band back (with the cube) to a distance of 15cm. (the 15cm I have added previously). 7. I will hold the stop watch in one hand, while holding the stretched rubber band and the wooden block in the other hand. As soon as I let go of the rubber band, I will start the stopwatch. 8. I will observe the block fly across the surface, and I will have my finger on the stop button in the watch, and thats to stop it once the block reaches the end of the surface, or if it stops in the middle of the surface. In which case I will take a reading of the distance covered and not down the time in my table. 9. I will repeat this experiment 3 times, and thats to guarantee the reliability of my results, and also to graph the average of my results which should be more accurate than just one trial. 10. I shall repeat the above procedure for the different types of surfaces and for the different cubes. * I intend to take some safety measures; I will place an extra piece of tape on top of the tape already holding the rubber-band in place, and that is to ensure that it will not fling out of place. I also intend to place two 1metre rulers on either side of the practical area, and thats to prevent the block of wood from flying off course. I also have several other rubber bands of the same thickness and length of the rubber band being used (from the same box), and thats in case the rubber band used breaks. I have also placed a piece of tape on the surface; marking the end of the 100 cm, and that is to enable me to see exactly when the block has passed the 100 cm, enabling me to stop the stop-watch in the right time, resulting in some reliable results. My theory: I believe that my plan shall be quite good and that it shall enable me to obtain sufficient results which are reliable. My theory is that the rougher the surface, the higher the friction, and consequently, the more time is consumed for the block to reach the markers. While the smoother the surface, the less the friction, and consequently, the less time is consumed. My Prediction: I predict that the marble shall prove a very good surface close to ice which will enable the block to shoot across it like a bullet fired from a gun, this is because the marble surface is quite smooth, and also quite slippery, which indicates a low level of frequency. Yet, I predict that the 7mm thick carpet and the wooden surface shall prove to have very high friction, and thus, the block shall not be able to cover the complete distance of 1.00metres on that surface, especially with the force applied. This is of course with reference to the data stated above. I have placed this plan according to a test we have previously observed regarding friction, as we have studied in class friction and its effect. This gave me the idea that I need an equal amount of force to push the block each time; and if I was to apply this force by hand, how could I guarantee that the force applied each time is equal? The test has to be fair! So I decided to follow the above procedure, using a rubber band which is stretched to a certain extent (15cm), this will guarantee that the force applied each time is equal. I have also thought of extending the length of the surfaces used to 2.0 meters, but after my preliminary test, I found that 1.00 metres are sufficient, and that they will enable me to prove my theory and prediction. I have modified my original version which I have followed in my preliminary test, and thats to guarantee the reliability of my results. MY PRELIMINARY TEST: I should have placed this test earlier, but I was unlucky enough to be unable to find a good place for it, so I thought that the best place for it would be here; at the end of my planning, and that is to link it with my observations and Obtaining. For my preliminary testing, I decided to try out a procedure which would enable me to obtain some reliable results; after deciding upon the investigation I intended to perform, I decided to use a rubber band to apply equivalent forces each time in my original investigation. I also decided to try out my preliminary using a block of wood with a volume of 4.5cm3. I decided to try my preliminary on ceramic as it was the easiest to start with; so I placed two 1 metre rulers at a distance of 10cm apart. I placed them both with their 0 ends towards my side, and the 100cm marker at the other end. I then stuck the two ends of the rubber band (25cm in length) one side at either ruler. I placed a piece of tape at the end of the surface, linking the two 100cm marks together and showing me the end of the 1 metre distance. I then measured out 15 cm from the 0cm markings, and placed a piece of tape in between the two rulers. I then placed a block of wood with volume 5cm3 in between the two arms of the rubber band, and pulled it with the rubber band to the extent of 15cm (until the marking), I then let them go, and the block of wood was catapulted towards the other end (towards the 1metre marking). I took a record of the time consumed, and found that it covered 60 cm and stopped. That took it a time of 0:32 sec. Therefore, according to this preliminary, I have decided upon using a distance of 1.0 metres; since the smoothest surface with the least friction (in my opinion) did not allow the block of wood to cover more than 60cm, I do not expect any of the other surfaces to provide a force which will be less than the force applied by the rubber-band. I have therefore drawn up the procedure stated above; this is because I believe it to be the best procedure I could follow, and implement the steps within. That is of course with reference to the safety measures I have taken, and also because I am familiar with most of the equipment, and could therefore tackle their side effects. I also hope that this procedure will enable me to gain the best results possible. The source of my idea: We have previously performed a semi-coursework which consisted of the following: we were required to prove that an object accelerates as it descends and gets closer to the ground due to the gravitational pull upon it. To do this, we were given a measuring cylinder full of 1liter of motor oil. We placed 10 markers which were equidistant (5cm3). We then dropped 10 ball bearings; one at a time. Each time, we started the stop watch as the ball started to descend, and stopped the watch at the next marker each time. E.g.: the first ball, the stop watch was stopped at the first marker. The second ball at the second marker, the third at the third markeretc. we then obtained the ball bearings by the aid of a powerful magnet, and repeated the investigation. We then averaged the time and graphed our results. Before performing the original investigation, I decided to perform a preliminary test which I have stated the results and consequences of previously. I then intended to perform the investigation, implementing the procedure I have drawn up for myself. I then found out that this procedure would not provide me with a fair test. So I decided to alter my plan slightly; instead of timing how long it took for the block to stop, I could count how long it took for the block to pass each marker (10cm). I would therefore have to decrease the amount of surfaces I intend to use to two (2). This is because I intend to make it a fair test, and also; to save me some time. Therefore, I will catapult the block 10 times, note down the time it took to reach each marker in turn. I started off by getting the tools and materials required and placing them in a small, neat pile on my work bench. In doing so, I found that the surfaces were not portable (mobile), and I would therefore have to go to each surface wherever it is. First of all, I started by cutting up 230cm of Cello-tape (aided by the 1meter ruler) and then splitting that into two equal pieces (strips); each strip with a length of 115cm. using the marker pen, I placed a mark on the tape every 10cm, (the 0 mark starts after 15cm); I intend to use only two surfaces; ceramic ; wood. This is to spare me some time to perform repeats and to compare the results using the two blocks. I will perform the experiment with the two blocks as stated in my primary plan. All that has changed is the method of recording time; instead of recording the time each block took to completely stop on each surface, I will measure the time taken for it each time to cover the distance between the markers; e.g.: in the first catapult, I shall stop the watch when the block passes the first marker indicating (10cm). In the second catapult, I will stop the watch when the block passes the 2nd marker, indicating 20cm, and so on, similar to my source of idea and procedure. I also found that the process was too time consuming, and I therefore decided to perform the investigation with only one block, the block of wood. After marking every 10cm on the tape, I decided to start with the ceramic surface, so I went to the ceramic surface and placed one of the two strips of tape along the length of one side of it. I then measured a distance of 20cm from the tape, and stuck down the second strip of tape; the two tapes are parallel with a distance of 10cm in between them. I then cut the rubber band from one side, which gave me a long strip of rubber. At the 0cm mark, I stuck one arm of the rubber; I then stuck the other arm at the opposite 0cm mark (one arm at each tape). I then placed the wooden block in the rubber bands Lap; between the two arms, and pulled them (the rubber band and the block). As soon as I let go, I pressed the start button on the watch. I then stopped the watch once the block had passed the 1st mark. I then repeated the procedure, but this time stopped the stop-watch as soon as the block passed the second marker. I kept on doing this, each time stopping the stopwatch at the next marker . After finishing doing so, I did my repeats, repeating this process all over again 3 times until I had got three readings for each marker. I then repeated the whole process, but this time, I did it with the wooden surface; I took the marked tape I had used in the previous experiment, did my measurements, and stuck everything down as I had done in the previous surface; marble. I then repeated the process as I have done in the previous surfaces. I have included below a table containing my results, and a full report regarding what actually happened: Surface: Marble WOOD Dist. Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Average Time v =s/t Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Average Time v =s/t (Sec.) (Sec.) (Sec.) (Sec.) V (Sec.) (Sec.) (Sec.) (Sec.) V 10 0.2 0.21 0.19 0.2 50 0.2 0.24 0.22 0.22 45 20 0.29 0.28 0.31 0.29 69 0.34 0.35 0.29 0.32 63 30 0.4 0.42 0.39 0.4 75 0.38 0.41 0.4 0.396 76 40 0.51 0.5 0.53 0.52 77 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.51 78.4 50 0.72 0.68 0.71 0.7 71 0.72 0.65 0.68 0.68 73.5 60 0.85 0.88 0.91 0.88 68 0.86 0.89 0.91 0.89 67.4 70 0.96 1.05 1.1 1.04 65 STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED 80 STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED 90 STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED 100 STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED STOPPED After observing the results I have obtained and placed in the above table, and with reference to my notes and annotations which I have produced during the investigation, I found that the block of wood, would only reach a certain distance, that is of course due to the thrust (force applied), but as I have followed my initial plan step by step, altering only what I have stated previously, I could not alter anything else or make any extra modifications. I was therefore stuck with the rubber band I had started with. As is noticeable; in the first table which is for the marble, the block stopped at the marker indicating 70cm, and did not proceed. While in the second table which is for the wooden surface, the block reached the mark which indicated 60cm, and did not proceed. This I shall analyse in the following section and state the reasons for. Unfortunately, this investigation was not easy; this is mainly because not every time I let go of the rubber band did the block reach the required mark, and before stating that the block stopped, I did and re-did the experiment to ensure that the block could not indeed reach that level (mark). Sometimes I would also let go of the rubber band before starting the stop-watch. I have therefore tried my best to obtain and use the most reliable results possible. I have followed my procedure step by step, and I have also used the equipment I am most familiar with, and thats to enable me to cope with and provide the best results attainable by the aid of this equipment. I hope that these results are sufficient, and that they will enable me to prove my theory and prediction. After performing my investigational experiments, and identifying the most obvious of the information and mistakes, I intend to proceed to analyzing my results, procedure and implementation of it. Below are the graphs that I have drawn up based upon the average times, and the markings. By analysing the above graph which is the graph for the Marble surface; we can notice at a glance that there is what resembles a straight line. With reference to my physics knowledge, I know that a straight line starting from the 0, and extending at an angle of approximately 46o, indicates uniform acceleration. We also know that a line graph which starts somewhere along the Y-axis, and extends diagonally towards the X-axis resembles uniform retardation. Looking at this graph, it resembles uniform acceleration, but as it is not a V-t graph, it actually resembles uniform retardation. We gather this logically because more time is consumed by the cube, and thats for it to reach the following point. If we look at it scientifically; we could observe that the Y-axis is a time scale, and the higher up we go the more time is consumed 9on the graph), and the X-axis resembles the checkpoints or marker-points , and as we go further eastwards, we cover a greater distance, and by covering greater di stances, force wears away, and as we have started with a pushing force that unbalanced the opposing force, as the force wears off; is consumed, the forces start to balance, until the force completely wears off, and the opposing force has little resistance and is greater than the pushing force, which causes it (the block of wood) to eventually stop, leading it to a state of uniform velocity where acceleration equals Zero. This therefore causes the time consumed to increase. This is because though the acceleration has stopped and returned to a uniform state in which it equals Zero; time is still ticking away, and consequently, more time is consumed! I then studied the above graph for some time, and found that it was exactly the same as the first one. It resembles the trend of uniform acceleration in a V-T graph, but since these graphs are not V-T, and are Distance X time, the observation is different. The graph resembles a straight line, curving towards the end which indicates that the block is slowing down. This proves my theory, yet it also shows us that the speed /acceleration of the block are decreasing, which means that the opposing force seems to balance the pushing force, eventually overpowering it, causing it to slow down until it eventually stops, reaching a state of uniform velocity which is equal to zero. After analyzing the results, I found that there was a slight stability in the results obtained in the repeats. I have also noticed that the recorded times for the blocks passage by each marker or checkpoint each time. There seems to be a pattern in the graph as the results when linked with each other, provide a straight line which is quite rare to obtain. Closer analysis showed that the first graph which was for the blocks sliding across a marble surface had a line which was straight all the way to the end, while the second graph which was for the sliding of the wooden block along a wooden surface starts off straight, but towards the end, curves upwards slightly. This incline indicates a sudden change in the balancing of the forces. And since the incline is upwards, this suggests that the pushing force has been out-powered by the opposing force. I believe the situation to be so because the upwards incline suggests the increase in time consumption, which indicates that the pushing force which started off quite powerful and slightly stronger than the opposing force, enabling it to reach this point. But the force has been worn off in the long journey, and eventually, the acceleration of the block starts to decrease which indicates retardation. This retardation results in a weakening of force, which causes the pushing force to weaken, con sequently, it is over-powered by the resisting/opposing force. This proves my theory as I have theoretically stated that: The rougher the surface, the higher the friction, and consequently, the more time is consumed for the block to reach the markers. While the smoother the surface, the less the friction, and consequently, the less time is consumed. With reference to my results, we can see that on the marble surface, the block of wood reached the 70cm marker, that is, with the force that was applied. While the block of wood did not exceed the 60cmmarker on the wooden surface. This suggests that there was a greater opposing force provided by the wooden surface than that which was provided by the Marble surface. Closer studying to the surface enabled me to gather that the marble surface was indeed slightly smoother than the wooden surface. Scientifically, I would say this because the marble is one smooth surface, but the wood consists of fibres (I saw this using a magnifying glass), which cause the block to, slow down. I also thought of looking at the base of the block (I have been catapulting it on the same side), I found it was slightly darker than the other faces (of the cube) and that there were some splinters of wood sticking out of it which were not there when I started. This shows that there was indeed friction and that there certainly was some heat produced. Also, the block was made of the same kind of wood as that of the surface, which could be the cause of the great friction. Its like when we push our two hands upon each other, and try to slide one of them, its quite hard! You will eventually succeed, but by that time, you will have exerted a lot of energy, and anyway, you are applying more force every second by your muscles, and thats to complete the task. But place your two hands the same two hands!) On an icy surface; they will slide pretty easily, and you will probably find a hard time trying to stop them. This is exactly the case, the wooden block is pulled tightly towards the wooden surface by gravity, and as the two surfaces are from the same material, they will stop after a short time. This is because they are of the same material, they are pulled close together by gravity, and the force applied is not renewed. While when we placed the block of wood on the marble surface, we succeeded in making it reach a farther marker than on the wood. This is mainly because the marble surface is quite smooth, (it resembles ice in a way), and has no fragments sticking out f it (splinters), this makes a pretty slippery surface for the block of wood. I have stated previously that gravity plays an important role in this investigation; I have stated that the pull of gravity on the surface and block, cause them to stick close to each other, which plays an important role as this increases the friction, and consequently affects the terminal velocity (speed) of the block. We also know that the mass (size/weight) of the block determines the size of the gravitational pull on the block. We also know that acceleration = Force X Mass. I have therefore decided to weigh the block using an automatic scale, and found that it weighed: 50grams. I have also referred to the following Formula: F1F2 Then movement is present in the direction of F1. F1=F2, Then there is no motion/movement. In this formula, F1 indicates the force applied, the pushing force, while F2 indicates the opposing force. The above graphs are both for the velocity of the block of wood on both of the surfaces. To find the velocity, I had to refer to a formula which linked the speed with the distance and the time; Velocity = Distance / time. With reference to this formula, I managed to calculate the velocity of the block of wood on each of the surfaces. By observing the first graph, which is for the marble surface, we notice that the curve is slightly off-line, which indicates a problem with the investigation. But overall, it represents a curved line which starts at a low speed, and gradually the velocity increases, reaching its maximum as 78cm at the 4th marker (40). It then starts to slow down, but gradually. Unfortunately, I could not apply any greater pushing force on the cube so as to gain more results by it reaching the 100cm marker, because it would then have been an unfair test. We therefore notice that the graph (line) does not extend to the Zero line, which it should have done theoretically. We then observe the second (or in this case the 4th) graph, which is for the velocity of the wooden block on the wooden surface. We notice that the line (curve) is somewhat smoother than the other. If we looked at it more closely, we notice that the left side of the curve is a straight line directly from the zero, (indicated by red dotted line). The line reaches its maximum at 80cm at the 4th marker (40). This means that both the surfaces do not have any dramatic effect upon the block of wood until the 4th marker. This is of course with the exception of the maximum velocity of both surfaces which depends upon the material itself. Looking past the 4th marker, we notice that the 1st graph (3rd) starts to go off-line slightly which could be an anomaly, or could be due to one of the problems I intend to identify in my evaluation. But then, the line goes off at a straight line at an angle of approximately 195o. That is of course with reference to the theory that the line shall stay straight until it reaches the 0 line, which indicates a non-velocity state. This means that the line would probably have had to reach a 200 marker. But of course, there seems to be an anomaly as the line is not 100%straight. On the 2nd graph (4th), we notice that the line, after the 4th marker, seems to incline downwards, towards the 0 line on the X-axis, though, it is slightly steeper than the first graph, as it seems to be inclining at an angle of approx. 200o. This indicates that the marble surface is a less frictional surface in comparison with the wooden surface. I have gathered this because the line of the wooden block after the 4th marker is steeper than the line for the marble surface which is after the 4th marker. This mean that if we were to observe the graphs theoretically, we would find that the line for the marble surface would cover a greater distance, approx. 200cm (2.00m), while the steepness of the line for the wooden surface indicates that it would touch the zero line (X-axis) sooner than the line for the marble surface, I believe that the line for the wooden block will cover approx. a distance of 150cm (1.5m). With reference to the above information, I gather that the wooden block shall cover a greater distance on the marble surface than on the wooden surface, provided that the force applied is sufficient enough to enable the block of wood to cover the distance assigned. This is of course due to the high friction of the wooden surface which exceeds the frictional force of thee marble surface noticeably. With respect to the above statements, there is one contradiction; the maximum speed covered by the block on the wooden surface exceeds the maximum speed covered by the same block on the marble surface. That is by several centimetres (the unit of measuring velocity in this assignment). I have tried to find a scientific explanation for this phenomenon which outlaws any of the conclusions I have reached, but I was unsuccessful. We therefore conclude that the block of wood moved more smoothly on the marble surface. This proves my theory which stated that; the rougher the surface, the higher the friction, and consequently, the more time is consumed for the block to reach the markers. While the smoother the surface, the less the friction, and consequently, the less time is consumed. I therefore gathered that the Rougher the surface, the more the opposing force, and consequently, the more friction and heat are produced. Yet, the smoother the surface, the less the opposing force, and the less the friction and heat resulted. This also proves my prediction which was based on the information I had gathered previously and which stated: I predict that the marble shall prove a very good surface close to ice which will enable the block to shoot across it like a bullet fired from a gun, this is because the marble surface is quite smooth, and also quite slippery, which indicates a low level of frequency. Yet, I predict t hat the 7mm thick carpet and the wooden surface shall prove to have very high friction, and thus, the block shall not be able to cover the complete distance of 1.00metres on that surface, especially with the force applied. This is of course with reference to the data stated above. We also gather that friction is the property that objects have which makes them resist being moved across one another. If two objects are placed one on top of the other, the top object can be lifted without any resistance except that of gravity. But if one object is pushed or pulled along the surface of the other, there is a resistance caused by friction. With reference to the information I have gathered; the value of the C.F depends on The type of surfaces moving against each other. This relates to what I have stated previously regarding the type of surface, and for which I have provided an example using the hands. I have concluded the above after referring to detailed scientific information and also after closely analysing the results and evidence I have obtained. I therefore believe that I have done what was asked of me and that I have performed the task I was assigned and have succeeded in proving my theory, prediction and procedure to be accurate, correct, and reliable. Also by referring to the second graph which is for the wooden surface; we notice that the straight line curves towards the end (upwards), which suggests a sudden change in the balancing of the pushing and the opposing forces. Scientifically, this suggests retardation, and the curve indicates that the block suddenly started to lose the force applied to it. It started off with uniform retardation, and then suddenly started to stop several seconds faster than when it had started. This means that the wooden surface is slightly rougher than the marble surface, and that it provides friction that is slightly more (higher) than that provided by the marble surface. I believe that this is what I was asked to prove. Below is a diagram showing the forces available in this investigation: I have performed this investigation to a good standard, and believe that the results I have obtained are good enough and are sufficient as they have enabled me to prove my theory, prediction and procedure. They have also enabled me to prove what was asked of me. I wish to annotate the procedure I have followed because though I have performed it to a good standard, there are still some flaws in it and I still believe that it could be performed at a standard that would be better, well, no body is perfect. After finishing my investigations, I found that the block was slightly darker than when I started, this indicates that the surface may well not have been clean. This indicates that there were dust particles available on the surface, and as dust particles are sharp (when observed under the microscope) and have rough edges, it is therefore believed that they would cause a big difference in my results as their rough surfaces interfere with my investigation. I believe this because as the wood block is sliding across the surface, I am investigating the effect that the surface itself has on the terminal velocity of the block. With the presence of sharp-edged dust particles in the middle (between the surface and the wooden block), more friction and heat are acquired through the dust particles, which slow down the block moderately. Therefore, if I was to perform this investigation once again, I intend to guarantee the cleanliness of the surface I am working on. Another thing was the presence of wooden splinters small, but seen, on both the wooden surface, and the side of the block I was working on. These splinters most certainly would have interfered with my investigation and results. I believe this because the splinters would be between the surface and the block, causing more friction, and therefore slowing down the block, thus affecting the acceleration of this block, and giving me inaccurate results. The next time, I intend to ensure that the surface lack any external effects which might alter my investigation, for the worst. Something else was that the marble was not just one straight block which would have been quite suitable for this particular investigation. In fact, it was a working bench, and it was made up of several tiles. (The tiles had a smooth surface without any drawing or grooves on). The small cracks between each tile might well have affected the velocity of the block; causing it to slow down before reaching the desired marker. This would have given me some false results and would have caused the time consumed to be several seconds more than what it actually should have been. If I was to perform this investigation another time, I would try my best to use one whole tile of marble instead of several tiles, and this should provide me with some results which are more reliable. I was using my naked eye to stop the watch once the block passed the marker, so I could possibly have stopped the watch before the block actually passed the marker, or I could have started the watch several tierces (1 hundredth of a second) after letting go of the rubber band, which means that the timing was not 100% accurate. If I was to perform this investigation again; I would use one of the following: A) Light gates, B) Interrupt Card, C) Or a ticker timer. Any of the above methods would provide me with some reliable results which would be more accurate than the results I have obtained. By observing Graph A; the graph for the marble surface, the result for the 40cm marker is slightly of the line, but as I said previously this could well be due to the dust particles which were on the surface, or could also be due to the splinters available on the faces of the wooden block. It could also be due to my method of timing, either way, if I was to perform the investigation another time, by altering the errors I have identified previously, I look forward to some results which are anomaly-free, and that also contain no errors. By observing Graph B; the graph for the wooden surface, we notice that the straight line curves towards the end, which suggests a sudden change in the balancing of the pushing and the opposing forces. Scientifically, this suggests retardation, and the curve indicates that the block suddenly started to lose the force applied to it. It started off with uniform retardation, and then suddenly started to stop several seconds faster than when it had started. This means that the wooden surface is slightly rougher than the marble surface, and that it provides friction that is slightly more (higher) than that provided by the marble surface. I believe that this is what I was asked to prove. We also notice that there is a semi-anomaly; the result fir the 30cm is slightly out of line, it is slightly lower than where it should be, this could be due to one of the external factors that I have stated previously, or it could be due to some other factor that I have been unable to identify using the tools available to us. I have tried my best to identify the factors which could have affected my investigation and consequently, my results. That is of course with the equipment provided to us. If there are any other factors which I have failed to identify, that would be because of the tools provided to us. Though, I doubt that there are any other factors that could be identified using other apparatus. Overall, I believe that I have performed this investigation to a good standard, and that I have succeeded in proving my theory and prediction. I also believe that I have done what was asked of me, and proved that frictional forces are surface dependant. I have proved it with reference to my knowledge, to external, advanced information, and also with reference to my investigation. Though I have performed this investigation to a fairly good standard, I believe that it could be better and that by performing this investigation again after altering the errors I have stated above, I would be able to provide sufficient evidence and proof which is undoubted and accurate by 99%. I say this because no matter how hard I try, the equipment provided to us are not that advanced, and therefore, there will always be better methods with results which are more accurate than what I have obtained. I have therefore performed this investigation as best as I could, and hope that the results and information I have gathered are sufficient.

Free Essays on Sacrifice

Outline Introduction: Sacrifice Miracle Plays: The creation of Adam and Eve The Fall of Man - Islamic view point - Christian view point Cain and Abel - The Sacrifice Noah's Flood Abraham and Isaac - Christian view point - Islamic view point Conclusion: Sacrifice is an essential factor in miracle plays. It plays an important role in the plays and in the beliefs of people. To sacrifice something is to give up something and you never know the value of possessions until they're gone. Sacrifice, according to religious rituals means an act in which a consecrated offering is made to a god or other spiritual being in order to establish, perpetuate, or restore a sacred bond between humanity and the divine. These offerings may consist of humans or animals (blood offerings) or fruits, crops, flowers and wine (bloodless offerings). In all the miracle plays there is some sort of sacrifice, whether it be to God or within themselves. Throughout the plays sacrifice is explored. The examination of sacrifice in The Creation of Adam and Eve, The Fall of Man, Cain and Abel, Noah's Flood and Abraham and Isaac will be realized in the following passages. Although sacrifice has one meaning it is expressed in many different ways throughout these different miracle plays. The creation of man may have many different views according to the various religious aspects that there are. The Story of the Creation tells that God created heaven and earth, plants and animals, and as the last thing he created man. God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; .." (Gen.1.26). "So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them." (Gen.1.27). There is no doubt that God created man then female, but there is an argument whether Eve was created from dust or a piece of rib from Adam. No matter what the real story is the fact remains that they ... Free Essays on Sacrifice Free Essays on Sacrifice Outline Introduction: Sacrifice Miracle Plays: The creation of Adam and Eve The Fall of Man - Islamic view point - Christian view point Cain and Abel - The Sacrifice Noah's Flood Abraham and Isaac - Christian view point - Islamic view point Conclusion: Sacrifice is an essential factor in miracle plays. It plays an important role in the plays and in the beliefs of people. To sacrifice something is to give up something and you never know the value of possessions until they're gone. Sacrifice, according to religious rituals means an act in which a consecrated offering is made to a god or other spiritual being in order to establish, perpetuate, or restore a sacred bond between humanity and the divine. These offerings may consist of humans or animals (blood offerings) or fruits, crops, flowers and wine (bloodless offerings). In all the miracle plays there is some sort of sacrifice, whether it be to God or within themselves. Throughout the plays sacrifice is explored. The examination of sacrifice in The Creation of Adam and Eve, The Fall of Man, Cain and Abel, Noah's Flood and Abraham and Isaac will be realized in the following passages. Although sacrifice has one meaning it is expressed in many different ways throughout these different miracle plays. The creation of man may have many different views according to the various religious aspects that there are. The Story of the Creation tells that God created heaven and earth, plants and animals, and as the last thing he created man. God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; .." (Gen.1.26). "So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them." (Gen.1.27). There is no doubt that God created man then female, but there is an argument whether Eve was created from dust or a piece of rib from Adam. No matter what the real story is the fact remains that they ...

Analyzing an accountant system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analyzing an accountant system - Essay Example The owner still has a debt obligation towards his relative ($100,000) which when accounted for is severely impacting the revenues generated by the company, thereby resulting in severe losses. The expenses for the purpose of conducting the business are of random nature which does not explain the exact purpose of incurring such expenses. As an example, it can be cited that the owner of MTS spends 40% of its allocated advertisement budget on business lunches involving local theatre producers and directors and the rest 60% is spent on advertising in local newspapers, theatre programs, sponsoring local children`s theatre and delivering flyers to the community. No clear rationale can be identified from this distribution strategy. As is evident from the income statement, the expenses incurred from advertising and promotion contributes significantly towards reducing the revenues generated by the company. For a startup company which is highly leveraged, efforts are needed to be put in order t o reduce the obligations. The company needs to restrict its expenses behind advertising and promotion. ... This is particularly because these are the expenses that are most directly involved in creating revenues. As is evident from the income statement, MTS has incurred huge amount of cost of goods sold as well as administrative expenses with respect to the revenues that the company has generated. The company needs to formulate a more effective strategy in order to bring down the aforementioned expenses. One particular area that is needed to be highlighted in the income statement is the expenses incurred as a result of payment made to the employees. According to the case study, MTS is supposed to book $25,000 as expenses due to payments made to employees. However, the income statement reflects a completely different figure which is significantly higher than the actual figure that is required to be reported. This sheds light on an important concern. The concern arises due to a weaker internal control within the company. The serious error committed while drafting the income statement questi ons the credibility of the accounting official responsible for preparing the income statement. The amount recorded as payment to employees in the year is $90,999 whereas the actual amount that had to be reported was $25,000. Had it been the case, then it would have significantly improved the figure that has been reported in the bottom line. This highlights a massive loophole in the internal control mechanism of the organization. There is no perfect approach towards employing officials who are experienced in the field of accounting. This is evident from the fact that the accounting part is handled by a person who does not have an accounting background and

Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Anthropology - Essay Example Each and every country has its own culture and an own environment for its civilians. Similarly every area in which the people are living has also defined its own culture. This article would further examine the culture of two different tribes in two different countries, one belonging to the northern areas of Pakistan while one belonging to the country named Iran. It would define as to the culture followed by these tribes is the same or not. Thull is the name of a place which is located in the northern areas of Pakistan. The people of this area are extremely conscious about their values and culture. The people living in Thull take most of their cultural activities from the tribes of Pathans. These pathans are people with strict rules of culture and activities. They strongly follow their religion and are extremely conscious about their honor. Similarly the people of Thull have great respect for their culture. Here not only the people are following their culture properly but are also respecting it for its ethics. Similarly another area known as Zargos in Iran comprises of a group of people known as Bakhtiari are bound to their culture. These people like the clan of Thull are extremely conscious about their traditions and culture. The clan of Bakhtiari follows their ancestors from a very long time in all their actions. Like their ancestors the Bakhtiari clan migrates to different places in different seasons. They not only take their herd of sheep with them but also take their family which includes women and children during their migration. This migration is done in the winters and summers mostly. While on the other side the people of Thull do not indulge in the activities of migration. They live in the only space they are given and earn their living through the agricultural systems. However there is similarity found in the culture of these two tribes as both of these tribes earn their living

What Influences the Health of a Community Assignment

What Influences the Health of a Community - Assignment Example Education is considered as one of the top most factors that influences and has a great impact on the Pennsylvania community and its members respectively. The state spends over $14 billion on public health insurance each year. Education plays an important role in every individual’s lives. If people are educated, the number of crimes committed is very less and there is an improved public health as well. People with higher levels of education tend to live longer, healthier lives and depend less on government-funded health programs than people with less education. (Mitra, 2010) Researches and many studies have showed that education is very beneficial to a human’s life in several ways. Educated people and an educated community will have an organized lifestyle and healthy diets. They are less likely to smoke, be obese, or engage themselves in drinking. For instance, if there is any health issue to any individual in the Pennsylvania community, education will help them to have that awareness that they would know what is better for them. What measures to be taken to improve their health therefore education effects in a way that it seeks to spread awareness.

What Factors Affect the Rate of Evaporation of Water?

What Factors Affect the Rate of Evaporation of Water? Hubert Galan and Zafira Smith Introduction: Our testable question for this experiment is what factors affect the rate of evaporation of water. This testable question regards the different factors, such as the temperature surrounding the water being evaporation, the temperature of the water being evaporated, the temperature of the air surrounding the water being evaporated, the humidity of the air surrounding the water being evaporated. In order to test our question we will use a bowl of water and expose the bowl and the water inside of it, which would begin at a temperature of 30 degrees celsius, to many different conditions, such as heat lamps, and fans. In doing so we will exposing our bowl of water and water itself to the variety of different factors that we can assume are capable of affecting the rate of evaporation of our water, and by testing the each of these factors we will be able to determine which ones are actually influential to the rate of evaporation of the water being tested. Evaporation: Evaporation is when water changes form into gas. Evaporation is the main pathway that water moves from the liquid back into the water cycle as water vapor,(The Water Cycle: Evaporation). What this means is that gas or water vapors main way back into the water cycle is through evaporation, which shows the significance of it. More important information on evaporation is that energy is needed for evaporation to occur. The use of energy in evaporation is that energy breaks the bonds that hold water molecules together and which keeps the water in its liquid phase. Which is why water easily evaporates at a high temperature, because there is enough energy or heat needed to break those bonds. Evaporation is arguably the most important part of the water cycle. No evaporation would result in no rain, no rain equals no water for forest which provided the most essential gas for humans, oxygen. Overall without evaporation the effects would be destructive (Water and Global Change). What this shows is how important evaporation is in our world, and that without it we wont survive. For this reason my colleague and I are trying to answer the question what factors affect the rate of evaporation of water. Temperature: Water molecules are always moving, some molecules are hit by other molecules which cause them to gain speed. These molecules hitting each other cause the energy and the temperature to raise. Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Slower moving molecules have a lower temperature(colder) while faster moving molecules have a higher temperature (hotter). The increasing temperature causes the water molecule bonds to break, which causes water molecules to turn into gas. The breaking of bonds of molecules is evaporation, it involves a change of state, from liquid to gas. The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of evaporation. When the temperature of water increases the water molecules gain more energy. When the water molecules temperature rises the water molecules start to move faster and thus evaporate faster. Basically the higher the temperature the higher the rate of evaporation (Factors Affecting the Rate of Evaporation). This is the most notable factor that affects rates of evaporation. The way we will test this is by having two bowls of water. One bowl will be exposed to normal conditions, while the other bowl will be exposed to a heat lamp. After twenty-four hours we will compare the mass of both bowls, and see if they change. After this we will conclude based on the data we received. Wind: Wind is the natural movement of air in any given direction. In order to test the effect of wind on the rate of evaporation of the bowl of water in our experiment we will use a fan and turn it onto the bowl of water being used. When evaporation occurs the water vapor from our bowl will be sitting just above the surface of the water in our bowl that has not yet been evaporated. When wind is added to the environment in which a body of water is in, the molecules of water vapor are rapidly moved from their resting position above the surface of the remaining water to the direction which the wind is facing. This rapid removal of molecules allows for rapid evaporation to occur because there is an increased amount space on the surface area of the remaining water which allow the water molecules to evaporate up. (How Does Wind Affect Evaporation?) This also means that with an increased speed of wind there will be an increased rate of evaporation, as the molecules sitting on the surface of a bod y of water will be removed and replaced and a quicker rate. Humidity: Humidity is that amount of water vapor in the surrounding atmosphere of a body of water, in our case the cup being used in our experiment. In order to test the effect that humidity has on water vapor in our experiment, we will put a lid over the the bowl of water we will be using for testing. Evaporation in an airtight container increases the amount of water vapor that is present in the air above the water in said container. When the amount of water vapor in the air above our water increases, there is more humidity because humidity is the amount of water in the surrounding atmosphere in a body of water. When humidity is high in the air, it is harder for water to evaporate, because the air is filled with water vapor. The air can not absorb an unlimited amount of water molecules, meaning that there will be a slower rate of evaporation. If the space that is located above the water becomes filled with water vapor, then a condensations happens to cause a balance. (Factors Affecting the Ra te of Evaporation). Condensation which is the opposite process of evaporation, is when water vapor converts to liquid, meaning that the evaporation taking place in our experiment would be countered by the condensation already occurring to the vapor within our closed cup of water. Hypothesis: If wind affects the rate of evaporation then our water will evaporate faster because wind increases the evaporation rate of water through removing the water vapor particles that will be resting above the rest of our remaining water( that has not yet been evaporated), making room for new molecules to rest in the same place. If humidity affects the rate of evaporation then our water will evaporate slower because when humidity is high, it becomes more difficult for water vapor molecules to enter their atmosphere, therefore leaving no space for more molecules and slowing the rate of evaporation of water. If temperature affects the rate of evaporation then our water will evaporate faster because when waters temperature is increased the water molecules gain more energy, which causes the molecules to move faster, break bonds faster and thus evaporate faster.*we have three hypothesis because we are trying to accurately test our questions with multiple factors in order to answer our testable question Work Cited The Water Cycle: Evaporation. Evaporation, The Water Cycle, from USGS Water-Science School. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016. Factors Affecting the Rate of Evaporation. Factors Affecting the Rate of Evaporation. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2016. How Does Wind Affect Evaporation? Bright Hub. N.p., 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 17 Nov. 2016. Intermediate-Level Science Projects. Intermediate-Level Science Projects: What Factors Most Affect Evaporation? N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016. Water and Global Change. RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016.